政府工作报告中英文对照(15篇)政府工作报告中英文对照 与翻译相关的重要网站 1.http://www.tdctrade.com/report/reg/index.htm 2.http下面是小编为大家整理的政府工作报告中英文对照(15篇),供大家参考。

篇一:政府工作报告中英文对照
与翻译相关的重要网站
1.http://www.tdctrade.com/report/reg/index.htm
2.http://www.fdi.gov.cn/ltlawpackage/index.jsp?app=1&language=en¤tPage=1(中国
投资指南laws®ulations中)
这两个网站内含各种政府文件(主要是经济法规)的中英文版本
3.http://beaktrans.com/(全国翻译培训网,有大量关于翻译的材料)
4.http://www.on118.com/e_on118/news/index.asp(法律在线服务网英文版,很多法律文件译
文版)
5.http://www.erwai.edu.cn/e-signs(汉英公示语研究在线,很多原始材料和相关论文)
http://www.bisu.edu.cn/e-signs/news.asp(汉英公示语研究在线)
6.http://www.tac-online.org.cn(中国翻译协会<TAC>网站)
7.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/lt/node_157895.htm(《中国日报》英语网站,有大量
的资料可资查考,如各国政要人物讲话英文原文)
8.http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/ziliao/default.htm(中国外交部网站,有很多资料,如政府领
导人在出访时的讲话全文等,查阅时输入“全文”和“fulltext”)
9.http://www.gov.cn/flfg/index.htm(中国政府网站,有很多资料,英汉对照,如政府工作报告、
白皮书、各种统计数据、法令法规等)
10.http://www.bjenglish.gov.cn(“北京市民讲外语”网站,有很多对双语公共标识的建议和
讨论)
11.http://big5.lawyee.com/Act/Act_Other_Trans.asp(大陆法规英译本网站)
12.http://accurapid.com/journal/toc.htm(这是英文翻译理论期刊TranslationJournal的网站,
里面有历年英文版翻译理论论文全文可下载)
13.http://www.stjerome.co.uk/(St.JeromePublishing网站,有很多翻译理论专著)
14.http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jbp/bab(美国翻译理论期刊Babel的网址)
15.http://www.benjamins.com/cgi-bin/t_seriesview.cgi?series=Target(美国翻译理论期刊
Target的网址)
16.http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/herewego/index.shtml(“全国公共场所双语标识规范大
行动”网站,中国日报主办)
17.http://www.hao360.com(英语宝库网站,有很多英汉对照方面的资料)
18.http://www.wwjtraining.com/aboutus.asp?page=1&id=38&cid=(全国翻译资格考试培训网
→翻译学习网站,有很多关于翻译理论和技巧方面的文章)
19.http://sh.netsh.com/bbs/21689/(“中国自由翻译人论坛”网站,有十分丰富的资料,包括
各类辞典、法律英语逐句对照等)
20.http://www.fane.cn/article_list.asp?action=more&c_id=1&s_id=0&page=1(“翻译中国”网
站,有各种资料下载,包括词汇,英汉汉英译文对照,译论等,绝妙的网站)
21.http://www.mornstars.com/(“晨星翻译”网站,有很多英汉对照的文章及各种词典可下载)
22.http://www.youngchina.cn/html/Article/Index.html(“泱华留学”网站,有各种证书、简历的
翻译方法和样本)
23.http://www.oxford.com.cn/translation(Oxford网站“翻译专区”,有很多翻译实例)
24.http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/document/1_29_1.html(中国科技信息网站的“科技新词汇”
栏目,有大量的科技新词汇汉英对照)
25.http://www.white-collar.net/(文学视界网站,大量的文学作品)
26.http://www.chinaenglish.com.cn/n2442c36.aspx(北外中国英语网站,有大量的英语名著
英汉对照文本下载)
27.http://www.nlc.gov.cn/(中国国家图书馆网址)
28.http://www.easyessays.net/index.html(留学文书写作网站,提供各学科领域留学的写作
方法和范文)
29.http://www.xmelink.com/Article/Index.asp(译林翻译网“翻译园地”网站,有很多词语翻
译的翻译)
30.http://www.hongen.com/eng/fun/index.htm(洪恩在线网站“轻松英语”栏目,有大量的时
髦短文英汉对照文章及注解,改造后可用来上课)
31.http://english.asiaec.com/bangong/he/469315.html(亚商英语频道,一个下载英语资料的
好网站)
32.http://www.chinaqw.com.cn/node2/node116/node119/node162/node1311//index.html(中国
侨网)
33.http://www.flrchina.com/le/paper/index.htm(法律语言学研究网刘蔚铭创建,很多法律翻译方面的论文)
34.http://www.dotranslation.com/news/159/(有大量关于翻译技巧和理论、各翻译公司、全
国各外语学院等的文章)
35.http://www.tac-online.org.cn/tran/index.htm(中国翻译协会网址)
36.http://www1.cei.gov.cn/govinfo/(中国政府网页)
37.http://www.npopss-cn.gov.cn/(“全国哲学社会科学规划办公室”网站)
38.http://www.gov.cn(中国政府网站)
39.http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/wjb/default.htm(中国外交部网站)
40.http://www.chinesepyp.com/template/usgovlinkla.htm(美国政府网站)
41.http://www.wcbn.com.sg/index.cfm?GPID=46(世界华商网络网站:内含各政府网址)
42.http://www.chinataiwan.org/web/webportal/W2037419/Uadmin/A5182766.html(中国台湾
网)
43.http://chineseculture.about.com/library/china/usa/bldoc01.htm(中国文化网站:英文版)
44.http://www.cctb.net/(中央编译局网站)
45.www.whitehouse.gov(白宫网站)
46.http://cn.pokernews.com/pokerterms/poker-terms-a/(在线扑克游戏词典,英汉对照)
47.http://www.86tm.com/Design/TMtranslate.asp?q=a(商标翻译网站)
48.http://info.china.alibaba.com/news/subject/v5003008-s5013007.html(“实用商务外语大全”
网站,资料十分丰富,含写作及翻译)
49.http://english.chinamil.com.cn/special/e900/content/soldiers.htm(军事英语网站)
50.http://www.cnwh.org/index.html(中国世界遗产网)
51.http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/herewego/(双语标识纠错大行动网站)
52.http://career.chinadaily.com.cn/pdf/2005/48_p2.pdf(《北京中高级人才周刊》网站,由《中
国日报网站》主办,内有英汉对照的招聘、广告等资料,内容相当丰富,非常实用。其中“2005”是发表年,“48”是第48期,“p2”代表页码,查阅时可作相应的变更。)54.http://mkt.icxo.com/htmlnews/2006/05/23/852730.htm(世界经理人网站,有很多管理学方
面的文章)
55.http://www.hifly.tv/Article/xinwen/hngddt/200605/20060523161027.html(湖南广播影视集
团网站英汉对照)
56.http://www.hsm.com.cn/news/2006/0525/68/29788.shtml(中国侨网,很多中国文化、文学等知识)
57.http://cn.biz.yahoo.com/special/stocklive/index.html(“股市盘中直播”网)
58.http://job.sohu.com/cv/j-science.html(有很多关于中英文简历的写法与翻译的文章)
59.http://glossary.askuu.com/p/3997.html(好英语词典)
60.http://www.54th.cn/edubbs/englishworld/words/general/collected/(一个很好的网站,有各
种词汇、现代英语、语言与文化等资料)
61.http://www.shiandci.net/ts300.htm(唐诗宋词网站,如写关于唐诗宋词翻译方面的论文,
此网站必查,其中有唐诗宋词的各种知识,唐诗三百为英汉对照)
62.http://guancha.gmw.cn/zhuanlan_list.aspx?sort_id=14(《光明观察》之《光明译丛》网站,
内有大量英语时事文章汉译及原文,很好)
63.http://sousec.zznc.net/work.html(很多幽默――英汉对照)
64.http://www.comlawyer.net/news_view.asp?newsid=893(中国商业律师网,有大量英汉对
照国际法律法规)
65.http://vweb.cycnet.com/cms/2004/englishcorner/(中青网英语角,一个好网站)
66.http://www.bjldbzj.gov.cn/fanyi/index.htm(翻译大全网站,大量翻译资料)
67.http://www.chinese163.com/waiguo.htm(大量外国文学名著译本全本下载)
68.http://www.cnpoet.com/waiguo/(诗人网站,有大量汉译外国诗歌)
69.http://www.cpra.com.cn/Article/ArticleClass.asp?ClassID=56(中国语用学研究会“翻译研
究”网站,有大量学术论文)
70.http://www.authorama.com/(特别重要的网站,内含大量外国名著原版书以及《红楼梦》
各种译本电子文本)
71.http://news.so.163.com/newsSearch.jsp?f=1&q=翻译(该网站有很多关于翻译的内容)
72.www.wordtheque.com(大量的免费著作可下载)
73.http://culture.people.com.cn/GB/22226/60151/index.html(纪念鲁迅的网站)
74.http://www.benjamins.nl/cgi-bin/t_seriesview.cgi?series=Target(Target国际翻译期刊网站)
75.http://www.benjamins.nl/cgi-bin/t_seriesview.cgi?series=Babel(Babel国际翻译期刊网站)
76.http://www.erudit.org/en/revue/meta/(Meta国际翻译期刊网站)
77.http://www.zbjn.com/default.aspx(金诺人文,历史、哲学网站,好网站)
78.http://ccs.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/TW/Publish.asp(台湾汉学研究网站)
79.http://uncti.net(联译网网址)
80.http://iask.sina.com.cn/user/my_ishare.php?uid=1362651980&page=0(大量英文原版哲学类学术著作,可免费下载)
http://education.163.com/gaokao/(中国高考网站)
1.Onlinetranslation
altavistahttp://world.altavista.com/babelfish/tr
华建翻译:http://www.hjtek.com/trans/instant.htm
联通国际:http://www.165net.com/
网络中国-翻译:http://www.httpcn.com/translate/
金桥译港世界通:http://www.netat.net
金山词霸在线词典:http://www.iciba.net/
Worldlingo:http://www.worldlingo.com/zh/microsoft/computer_translation.html
北京专家翻译网:http://www.chinatranslation.net/translation.asp
2.Translationreference:
中国翻译网:http://www.chinatranslate.net/asp/index.asp
唐诗宋词翻译:http://www.shiandci.net/index1.htm
ChinaDailyLanguagetips:http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/vocabulary.shtml
中国翻译工作者协会Translators’AssociationofChinahttp://www.tac-online.org.cn/tac-s-1.htm中国翻译家联盟:http://www.translator.com.cn/index.asp
全国翻译资格水平考试网:http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/fanyiks/index-3-2.htm
秋阳译虎之译界:http://www.qiuyang.com/translation/4/4-6.htm
译联网:http://www.fanyee.net/surf/default.asp
文化翻译网:http://www.mkmtrans.com/
译者俱乐部:http://www.beaktrans.com/Html/2004330141036-1.Html
InternationalFederationofTranslators:http://www.fit-ift.org/english/news-en.html
MITA:http://www.dfw-mita.com/
InternationalTranslatorsAssociation:http://idea777.co.kr/ita.htm
Google:www.google.com
百度:http://baidu.com
Yahoo:http://www.yahoo.com/
译丛:http://www.renditions.org/renditions
英语比萨园http://epizza.nease.net
智慧岁百科线上http://www.wordpedia.com/
网上词典:http://dictionary.reference.com/
网上百科全书:http://encyclopedia.com
AATIA(AUSTINAREATRANSLATORSANDINTERPRETERSASSOCIATION)ONEOFTHELARGESTANDMOSTACTIVEASSOCIATIONSOFPROFESSIONALTRANSLATORSANDINTERPRETERSINTHECOUNTRY.
HTTP://WWW.AATIA.ORG
MLA(MODERNLANGUAGEASSOCIATION)FOUNDEDIN1883BYTEACHERSANDSCHOLARS,PROMOTINGTHESTUDYANDTEACHINGOFLANGUAGEANDLITERATURE.
HTTP://WWW.MLA.ORG/
AIIC
foundedin1953,istheinternationalprofessionalassociationthatrepresentsconferenceinterpretersandsetsstandardsforthepracticeoftheprofession.
http://www.aiic.net/
ATA(AMERICANTRANSLATORSASSOCIATION)
FOUNDEDIN1959,ISTHELARGESTPROFESSIONALASSOCIATIONOFTRANSLATORSANDINTERPRETERSINTHEU.S.WITHOVER8,500MEMBERSINOVER60COUNTRIES.HTTP://WWW.ATANET.ORG/
NAJIT(NATIONALASSOCIATIONOFJUDICIARYINTERPRETERSANDTRANSLATORS)
anon-profitorganizationdedicatedtothefurtheranceofthecourtinterpretingandlegaltranslationprofession.
http://www.najit.org/
UNIVERSITYOFCHARLESTON
claimstohaveoneofthemostcomprehensivelanguageprograminthesoutheasternU.S.
http://www.cofc.edu/languages/index.html
参考咨询部为方便读者制作了专业学术网站导航[双击自动滚屏]
各位读者:
为了方便大家查询相关学科领域的各种网络学术资源,节省搜寻网站的时间,参考咨询部制作了专业学术网站导航,收集、组织各学科的网络资源信息以及馆藏数字化信息,提供该学科网络信息导航和专题信息检索。资源部分主要是来自于网络,我们提供了链接和简单的介绍。由于受时间和人力的限制,所推荐的网站数量还远远满足不了大家的需求。但是我们会继续努力,逐步增加和完善导航库,同时也希望大家把你熟悉的优秀网站推荐给我们。
综合类
语言学
文化、文学类
经济学
一、综合类
天津高校数字化图书馆:http://www.tjdl.cn/
网站简介:该网站由天津市高等院校数字化图书馆建设管理中心制作,与天津各高校建有链接,其资源导航栏目,链接了包括维普期刊数据库、万方数据库、超星数字图书馆、Springer外文数据库、OCLC外文数据库、EBSCO外文数据库、中国数字图书馆(试用)、中宏财经数据库(试用)、新华社专供信息(试用)、CNKI数据库(试用)、国内大学图书馆等多个数据库网址。只要微机安装了相应的浏览器,大部分数据库能阅读全部论文资料。如果需要输入用户名和密码,可向馆内工作台值班老师查询.
中国期刊网CNKI数字图书馆:http://www.edu.cnki.net/
网站简介:CNKI工程集团经过八年努力,采用自主开发并具有国际领先水平的数字图书馆技术,建成了世界上全文信息量规模最大的“CNKI数字图书馆”,涵盖了我国自然科学、工程技术、人文与社会科学期刊、博硕士论文、报纸、图书、会议论文等公共知识信息资源;用户遍及全国和欧美、东南亚、澳洲等各个国家和地区,实现了我国知识信息资源在互联网条件下的社会化共享与国际化传播,使我国各级各类教育、科研、政府、企业、医院等各行各业获取与交流知识信息的能力达到了国际先进水平。
该网站包含了CNKI数据库跨库检索系统(期刊库,报纸库,博硕士库,会议论文库)中国期刊全文数据库、中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库、中国重要报纸全文数据库、中国重要会议论文全文数据库、中国专利数据库、中国期刊信息与知识数据库、中国核心期刊要目总览、中国学术期刊引证报告数据库等大信息量的数据库,目前我校读者可使用的有中国期刊全文数据库、中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库。读者可根据自己的需要去检索、查找,如果需要输入登陆用户名和密码,可向馆内工作台值班老师查询。
1.《中国期刊全文数据库(CJFD)》是目前世界上最大的连续动态更新的中国期刊全文数据库,积累全文文献800万篇,题录1500余万条,分九大专辑,126个专题文献数据库。
知识来源:国内公开出版的6100种核心期刊与专业特色期刊的全文。
覆盖范围:理工A(数理化天地生)、理工B(化学化工能源与材料)、理工C(工
业技术)、农业、医药卫生、文史哲、经济政治与法律、教育与社会科学、电子技术与信息科学。
收录年限:1994年至今,6100种全文期刊的数据完整性达到98%。
2.《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(CDMD)》是目前国内相关资源最完备、收录质量最高、连续动态更新的中国博硕士学位论文全文数据库,迄今已完成2000-2003年80000本论文的数据加工与入库。
知识来源:每年收录全国300家博士培养单位的优秀博/硕士学位论文约28000篇
覆盖范围:理工A(数理化天地生)、理工B(化学化工能源与材料)、理工C(工业技术)、农业、医药卫生、文史哲、经济政治与法律、教育与社会科学、电子技术与信息科学。
二、语言学
北京语言大学图书馆:http://lib.blcu.edu.cn/index.htm
网站简介:该网站设有毕业生论文库,可以检索论文题目和简介,但不能看全文。
英语语言学论坛:http://www.lforums.com/index11.htm
网站简介:该网站设有英语语言学、翻译理论、英语教学、英美文学赏析、英语专业学习等栏目,有中英文论文库,能浏览全文。
语言文化翻译:http://osc.xiloo.com/index.htm
网站简介:这是一个涉及语言、文化和翻译研究的纯学术网站。本站试图通过国际互连网加强学术交流,沟通学术信息,提供学术研究资源,旨在为学术研究和教学服务。该网站设有语言研究资源、文化研究资源、翻译研究资源、教学资源等栏目。
该网站在《翻译研究资源》栏目中推荐并链接了如下网站:
1、KePing'sSite这是柯平教授的教学和科研网站。网站上柯平自己的翻译研究成果,翻译教学和研究资料,以及柯提供的网上研究和学习资源。该站工作语言为英语。
2、《翻译研究集刊》台湾翻译学学会的会刊论文摘要。现有六集可查。
3、TranslatorJournal这是网上少有的一个英文全文季刊。内容涉及文学翻译,科技,商务,翻译人物等各个方面。现有1997-2002六年内容,你也可以投稿。
4、《中国翻译研究》这是一个纯学术性网站,由王晓元创办于2000年。稿件主要来自于翻译研究的学者惠寄的已发表的论文全文及少量首发的论文,主要收集中国翻译研究的成果。该站从创办至今,更新比较快。可以说华语世界少有的翻译研究方面的网站。向翻译研究学者推荐。
5、中国翻译者协会网站这似乎不能算一个学术网站。网上仅有《中国翻译》的部分题录以及一些与会员有关的部分信息。
6、胡明亮的语言思索集这里有胡的11篇论翻译的论文。
7、中国翻译网这不能算一个学术网站。该网有关翻译业务,翻译行业的的操作等可以参考,另外,偶尔也有一些转载的学术文章。
8、翻译工作坊台湾的一家网站,有“译评”,“翻译论述”,“讨论区”等。主要针对翻译实践中的问题发表看法,为大陆少见的专业网站。向喜欢咬文嚼字,仔细推敲的翻译工作者和研究人员推荐。
9、Meta这是著名的加拿大翻译研究期刊。可以在线查询并下载1994至2001年的全文。语言为法语和英语。这是难得的免费资源。向专家推荐。
10、译星网这是中软开发的机译软件“译星”的主页。该网不光提供与产品的相关的服务,还有免费在线翻译,机译论坛等栏目。也许这不属于传统的翻译研究的领域。但是,在信息发达的今天,对于不想忽视这一领域的译学专家,不妨了解一下。
11、解志个人主页解志強是台湾国立清华大学外语系教师,爱丁堡大学博士。其个人主页陈列了解博士的博士论文和其他多篇论翻译的论文。这是一个集学术、教学辅助和个人宣传为一体的网站。
12、GideonTOURY'sSite这是著名的以色列翻译理论家GideonToury的个人主页。该网站上有Toury教授的学术专著和文章(不少文章可以浏览全文),MiriamShlesinger采访Toury教授的访谈文字稿。另外还有TRANSST几年的主要内容。
该网站在《语言研究资源》栏目中推荐并链接了如下网站:
1、中国英语学习者语料库检索入口
http://www.clal.org.cn/corpus/ChiSearchEngine.aspx由桂诗春和杨惠中主持创建的中国英语学习语料库。想验证中国英语学习者英语变体特征假设者可以利用该资源。所有
检索免费。但是,网上检索也存在限制,行宽只能为5个单词,不能随意调整。要想得到比较好的检索效果,还是购买上海外语教育出版社出版的书和光盘。
2、EstuaryEnglish这里汇集了“河口英语”(EstuaryEnglish)的论文和参考文献。是研究英语演变和变体的一个资料库。
3、RelevanceTheoryOnlineBibliographicService该网页上列有关联理论的文献。上百篇可以直接浏览全文。主要向研究关联理论和认知的语言学者推荐。而且文献还在不断增加。
4、JournalofPragmatics收集了1977年4月到现在的杂志,但是必须是订阅sciencedirector的读者方能下载全文,其他读者只能浏览摘要。
5、Chinaanditslanguage这是一个以英语为工具,以全球汉语中文爱好者为读者对象的网站。网上有汉语、汉字、汉语史、汉语方言等多方面的信息,还有交流论坛。
6、TheLinguistList语言学家列表。该站为语言学家提供学术会议信息,网上语言学资
源,邮件讨论列表,出版信息,求职等多方面的服务,是一个专业性比较强的网站。
7、LanguageMiniatures该网站收集了85篇以上(以该信息上网时为准)的小论文,分别从社会(thesocial),思维(themental),历史(thehistorical),语言自身结构(thestructural)的角度来探讨语言。
8、DanSperber‘WebSite’这是关联理论创立者之一,DanSperber的主页,内容有DanSperber的简历,多篇用认知、关联角度撰写的论文。使用法语和英语。向专家级学者推荐。
9、北京大学计算语言学所这里有该所的学术信息,学术成果(包括可以浏览的三大本论文集全文),人气比较旺的NLP论坛。另外,还有于江生和詹卫东两位博士的个人主页,都很有价值。向对计算语言学有兴趣的同行推荐。
10、PhoneticsResources语音研究资源在中国研究语音的学者比较少,资料也不多,网上的免费资源更少。该网站有英语语音,语音分析,语音识别以及语音在线课程等内容。
11、语言理论与实践该网站由中山大学外语学院主办。是中国国内比较少见,具有一定原创性的语言学及运用语言学网站。该网站上有学者介绍(包括语篇和翻译方面的学者),学术信息,工作论文(可浏览全文)等内容。
12、语言学(中国)这是由湖南大学语言学系主办的。该网站收集了语言学家,语言学文献等资料,尤其是网站资料。各种流派比较齐全。向专家级的语言学学者推荐该站。
13、LSA美国语言学协会。虽然只是一个协会的网站,但是还是值得一看。除了与会员有关的程序化的内容外开,也有学术会议的Handout下载,还有语言学各分支的专家撰写的相关领域的介绍,胜过国内的语言学入门教材。对语言学入门者大力推荐。
14、中国语用学在线:是广东外语外贸大学国家级重点文科基地语用学组的正式网站,该网站由广东外语外贸大学国家重点文科基地何自然冉永平以及广东外语外贸大学国际
商务英语学院张新红主持。面向广大语言学爱好者、语用学研究人员、外语教师、翻译爱好者和外语学习者,提供语用学、语言学、法律语言学及翻译研究、法学研究等学科领域的资讯。该网站设有语用学、语言学、外语教研、翻译研究、法律语言学等专栏。
三、文化文学类
外国文学:http://wgwx.tongtu.net/这是一个学术网站,设有作家作品、理论批评、翻译研究、比较文学、学界热点、新论坛、学术资讯、行者文库等栏目。
英美文学、德语在线:http://www.lib.tjfsu.edu.cn/index.html这是由外院图书馆制作的小型特色库,点击外院图书馆主页的特色服务栏目即可浏览。
文化研究:http://www.culstudies.com/
网站简介:文化研究创办于2002年5月,是国内第一家拥有正式出版物的文化研究学术网站。以辑刊《文化研究》(culturalstudies)为依托,致力于中国文化研究的推广与传播,
介绍国内外前沿理论及重要理论家,力倡文化研究理论的本土化及中国学派的建立。目前文化研究的工作重点是强调原创性的理论研究与回应当下的个案研究,并将中国问题置于全球化视野之下,加强与国际学术界的交流对话。
该网站设有理论前沿、专题研究、学位论文、名家专论等栏目,能全文阅览学术论文。投稿信箱:******************
中国民俗网站:http://www.chinesefolklore.com/
网站介绍:专业性综合站点。其宗旨是通过互联网传播民俗文化信息,博览民俗文化事象,透视民俗文化内涵,图文并茂。是一个集知识性、趣味性、学术性于一体,服务于不同年龄层次、不同学术和知识需要的网站。文章有些来自其他网站或报刊,访问量19万人次,定期更新,并且开通了英文版。
创建者:中央民族大学民俗文化研究中心;大道影业有限公司
使用语种:简体中文;英文
网站国别:中国
中国教育技术:http://www.etr.com.cn/
网站介绍:该站点在推荐论文版块提供论文全文,在学术论文栏目提供论文摘要,另外还有:学术动态、专家资源库、媒体资源库、学术活动、教育技术论坛等栏目。有综合教育站点、教育技术站点、远程教育站点等大量网站链接。
创建者:中国教育技术协会;中国教育技术网
使用语种:简体中文
教育技术通信:http://etc.elec.bnu.edu.cn/
网站简介:由北京师范大学现代教育技术研究所主办,开设了学者专访论著选摘应用与开发论文展示学术动态新视点中小学校教育信息化专题教育技术资源基础学科进展
文章检索工具教育技术产品等栏目,可浏览学术论文。
荧火的舞:http://www.binomai.com/index.asp
网站简介:该网站开设战国人物与合战、日本文学艺术赏析、细川家相关研究、日本历史重要人物与事件、杂文、随想、同人文文学等栏目。
北京日本学研究中心:http://www.ryzx.bfsu.edu.cn/
网站简介:北京日本学研究中心是中国国家教育部与日本国国际交流基金为促进两国教育文化交流而共同创建的研究生院级的日本学教学与研究机构。目的在于培养我国现代化建设所需的高层次日语教育和日本学研究方面的专门人才。同时,为全国的日本学研究界提供研究和交流的环境。在该网站所开设的栏目中,从(出版刊物)栏目可查询《日本学论丛》和《日本学研究》等刊物的各期目录,但不能看文章全文。
浙江大学日本文化研究所:http://www.zdrbs.com/pages/chs/index.asp
网站简介:该网站刊有学术研究和学术会议等信息,并在每年12月举办优秀论文评奖活动。该网站建立了日本学相关网站链接,有日本研究机构有关部门与团体主干网与搜索导航主要图书馆主要媒体出版网站分类资源等栏目。
宁乐日语在线:http://www.ningle.net/
网站简介:这是一家综合性语言文化网站,设有时事日语、历史文化、日语学习、翻译研
究、网络资源等栏目。
日本旅游主页:http://www.cnto.com/pages/qytj/japan/index.htm
网站简介:该网站从旅游角度全面介绍了日本文化、戏剧、茶道、料理、佛教、和服等知识。
四、经济学
经济参考报:http://www.jjckb.com/
网站简介:该网站由经济参考报主办,其中的栏目《经济理论》中收藏1000多篇经济论文,其中不乏肖灼基、刘伟、樊纲等经济学家的大作。点击每篇论文,右侧有相关文章链接,可以浏览全文。
经济学阶梯教室:http://www.gjmy.cn/index.asp
经济学阶梯教室创建于1999年3月,主要为国际贸易、经济学的教学和研究提供一个开放的平台。其中《经济论文》栏目中收藏大量贸易论文、经济学论文、金融论文、经济译文等。能浏览全文。并有相关文章链接。
中国国际贸易网:http://www.chinaintertrade.com/index.htm
网站简介:该网站由几个湖北大学国际贸易专业的学生、老师发起并制作的,针对全国外经贸从业人员和全国外经贸院校学生,主要内容以理论研究和外贸资格考试为主。其中《经济论文选读》栏目中收藏了30余篇国贸和世界经济类论文,在《关于我们》栏目中有网站主持人的毕业论文。
中国总经理网:http://www.cnceo.com/
该网站在《CEO学苑》栏目中设有论文集、CEO书库等栏目,点击《论文集》可浏览大量的管理类论文和经济类论文以及论文精品。
北望经济学园:http://www.beiwang.com/关于经济学及人文思想方面的论文、言论、论坛,经济学家介绍.
论文在线:http://lunwen.51.net/index.htm
该网站是徐州师范大学的毕业生朱文兵的个人网站,收藏了大量经济类和其它类论文,但是只能浏览题目,不能看全文。
论文资料网:http://www.51paper.net/
该网站设有MBA论文/中小企业论文/物流供应链论文/财经论文/电子商务论文/参考资料/免费论文/写作指导/统计数据/等栏目,其中《免费论文》栏目中的论文可看全文,其它栏目中收藏的论文只能浏览题目和论文摘要。
财经论文:http://www.forumcn.com/sblw/
网站简介:各类财经、金融、管理等方面的经济类论文本科、硕士、博士论文,但是只能看题录、文摘、大纲,不能看全文。
旅游专线:http://lib.dlufl.edu.cn/ziyuan/旅游/lvyou.htm
网站简介:该网站由大连外国语学院图书馆主办,设有旅游杂志、旅游论文、旅游报纸、旅游法规、旅游研究、景点介绍等栏目,其中《旅游论文》栏目提供97片论文,可全文浏览。
毕业论文索引:http://lib.dlufl.edu.cn/ziyuan/俄语全文/biyelunwen.htm
网站简介:该网站提供了北师大外语系2001届、2002届研究生毕业论文索引,可以浏览论文题目、中英文摘要,不能看全文。
英语专业毕业论文写作资料查询网址
国内外在线图书馆网址
1.中国国家图书馆:http://www.lib.nle.gov.cn
2.清华大学图书馆:http://www.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/
3.北京大学图书馆:http://www.lib.pku.edu.cn/
4.北京师范大学图书馆:http://www.lib.bnu.edu.cn/
5.南京大学图书馆:http://202.119.47.3/
6.复旦大学图书馆:http://www.library.fudan.edu.cn
7.北京外国语大学图书馆:http://www.bfsu.edu.cn/enet/lib/tsg.htm
8.厦门大学图书馆:http://210.34.4.20/
9.广东外语外贸大学图书馆:http://202.116.197.6/gplib.htm
10.美国国会图书馆:http://leweb.loc.gov
11.英国外语辅助教学图书馆:http://www.sussex.ac.uk/langc/call.html
12.美国世界图书馆网络中心:http://library.usask.ca/ejournals
13.人文科学在线杂志图书馆:http://166.111.88.20/index.htm
14.中国在线图书馆:http://netsupport.tsinhua.edu.cn/navigation/navindex.htm
15.OCLC联机计算机图书馆中心:http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/
16.语言文学在线资源库(OnlineMLAInternationalBibliography):
http://www.silverplater.com/catalog/mlab.htm
17.英语和外语教学在线杂志:http://www.u-net.com/eflweb/home.htm
18.“美国研究”网页:http://www.georgetown.edu/crossroads/asw
19.ERIC英语教学文摘档案库:http://eric-web/tc.columbia.edu/abstracts
20.中国期刊网:http://166.111.88.20/index.htm/
21.美国ISI公司ArtsandHumanitiesCitationIndex(A&HCI)-1975-present:
http://wos.isitrial.com/help/helptoc.html#abhci
22.美国ISI公司SocialScienceCitationIndex(SSCI)-1975-present:
http://wos.isitrial.com/help/helptoc.htmo#ssci
23.Uncover期刊论文原文传递服务系统:http://uncweb.carl.org/reveal/
24.美国Brown大学语言学虚拟图书馆:http://www.cog.brpwn.edu/pointers/liguistics.html
25.英国London大学Berkbeck学院应用语言学图书
馆:http://alt.venus.co.uk/VL/AppLingBBK
26.美国ERIC(教育資源信息中心)语言与语言学资料交换中心:
opher://ericir.syr.edu:70/11/clearinghouse/16houses/CLL/ERIC-LL
国内外外语与外语教学类网址
1.Appliedlinguisticsvirtuallibrary:http://alt.venus.co.uk/AppLingBBK/welcome.Html
2.Humanlanguagepage:http://www.June29.com/HLP
3.LinguisticresourcesontheInternet:http://www.sil.org/linguidtics
4.Universalsurveyoflanguage:http://www.teleport.com/~napoleon
5.中国基础教育网:http://www.benet.com.cn
6.中国英语教师网:http://www.englishteachers.com.cn
7.美国全球英语学习网:http://www.globeenglish.com
多语种研究论文:http://lib.dlufl.edu.cn/ziyuan/俄语全文/外语.htm
该网站设有以下11个栏目,其中《研究论文》栏目中收藏了中、英、日、俄四种语言的学术论文,195篇英语论文、18篇日语论文、11篇俄语论文、74篇中文论文,定能给你一些启迪。在《推荐站点》栏目中,链接了英语、日语、德语、俄语等外语学习和外语学术研究的38个网站。在《英文名著导读与欣赏》栏目中收藏了26种文学作品,9篇名著导读和评论。
1.《研究论文》(中文、英文、日文、俄文)
2.《全文杂志》(中英对照、英文、俄文、日语、德语)
3.《题录杂志》(英文)
4.《外语测试》(德、英、日)
5.《轻松学英语》(童话、寓言、笑话)
6.《名人讲演》(英语全文)
7.《日本语教学多媒体资源库》
8.《外语期刊通讯地址》
9《推荐站点》
10.《英文名著导读与欣赏》
篇二:政府工作报告中英文对照
考试教材
考试大纲:考试大纲:
英语二级参考书目:英语二级参考书目:
指定教材系列:指定教材系列:
辅导教材系列:辅导教材系列:
英语三级参考书目:英语三级参考书目:指定教材系列:指定教材系列:
辅导教材系列:辅导教材系列:
真题详解:真题详解:
全真模拟试题:全真模拟试题:
备考词汇:备考词汇:
二、三级笔译1、英语笔译实务三级2009版2、英语笔译综合能力三级2009版
3、英语口笔译考试大纲三级2009版2、英语三级笔译考试真题详解:2003-2005三、笔译综合(二级、三级笔译都适用)1、翻译课件2、人事部翻译资格考试:笔译综合能力试题及参考答案3、2009年政府工作报告中英文对照4、笔译常用词汇分类商务英语5、笔译常用词汇分类社会发展词汇6、大家网报刊英语单词精华7、翻译方法介绍-中高级翻译技巧8、翻译国家大事必备英语词汇9、翻译考试常考高频词汇10、各类型公司名称英语翻译11、经典广告英文翻译12、企业翻译实务指南13、实用翻译英汉对照三千句14、文体科技英语翻译15、英语翻译一本全16、英语数字翻译技巧方法17、英语谚语大全中英对照28、中文新闻翻译英文词汇
五、三级口译
1、英语口译综合能力三级2009版(含配套音频MP3)
2、英语口译综合能力三级教材配套训练2009版(含配套音频MP3)3、英语口译实务三级2009版(含配套音频MP3)4、英语口译实务三级教材配套训练2009版(含配套音频MP3)5、英语三级口译考试真题详解:2003-20056、新东方高级口译教材7、新东方中高口译词组8、英语高级口译教程课件9、高级口译词汇短语大全六、口译综合(二级、三级口译都适用)1、英语沙龙十年全集2、汉英口译实践3、口译听力热词汇总4、口译中国特色词汇归纳5、口译笔记速记符号汇总归纳6、口译常用词汇-社会发展词汇7、口译超有用的词组和习语翻译8、口译词典9、口译考试听力词组10、口译考试资料汇总11、美国俚语大全12、高级中级口译翻译技巧13、中级高级口译实践中的词汇句型
篇三:政府工作报告中英文对照
大会新闻发言人、本次记者会主持人李肇星:
女士们、先生们,上午好。我们高兴地邀请到温家宝总理与中外记者见面,并回答大家的提问。现在请总理讲话。
LadiesandGentlemen,goodmorning!TodaywehavethegreatpleasuretoinvitePremierWenJiabaotomeetChineseandforeignpressandansweryourquestions.First,someopeningremarksfromMr.Premier.
中国国务院总理温家宝:
各位记者朋友,大家好。刚刚结束的全国人民代表大会通过了政府工作报告和“十二五”规划纲要。摆在我们面前的任务十分艰巨,国内外形势也非常复杂,做好各项工作,完成预期目标,需要付出极大努力。我们要有忧患意识,始终保持清醒的头脑。同时,又要树立信心,信心就像太阳一样,充满光明和希望。我的任期还有两年,我深知这两年的工作不比任何一年要轻松。“政如农工,日夜思之,思其始而成其终。”谢谢。现在可以提问了。
Friendsofthepress,goodmorning!ThejustconcludedsessionoftheNationalPeople’sCongressadoptedtheGovernmentWorkReportandtheOutlineofthe12thFive-yearPlan.Wefaceextremelydauntingtasksandcomplexdomesticandinternationalsituations.Wemustworkveryhardifwearetoachievesuccessesinourworkonallfrontsandmeetthegoalswehaveset.Wemustbefullymindfulofpotentialdangersandkeepacoolhead.Atthesametime,weshouldhavefirmconfidence.Confidenceislikethesun.Itbringsusandbrightandhope.Therearetwoyearsleftinmytermofoffice,Iknowfullwellthatmyworkinthenexttwoyearswillnotbeeasierthananyofthepreviousyears.Idomyjobasdiligentlyasafarmertendstohisfield.Ihaveitonmyminddayandnight.IworkforathoroughplanningfromthestartandI’mdeterminedtocarryitthroughtoasuccessfulend.Thankyou!
人民日报、人民网记者:
总理,您好!我是人民日报、人民网记者。“十二五”规划确定未来五年我国经济增长的预期目标,就是年均增长7%。我们注意到,这个数字和“十一五”规划相比降低了0.5个百分点。请问总理,我们主动调低经济增长速度这样一个选择是出于什么考虑?如果未来经济增长速度有所放缓会不会影响扩大就业以及改善民生等方面?谢谢。
I’mwithPeople’sdailyandPeople.com.Wehavenotedthatthe12thFive-yearPlanhassetanannualGDPgrowthtargetof7%inthenextfiveyears.Thattargetis0.5percentagepointlowerthantheGDPgrowthtargetsetupinthe11thFive-yearPlan.Premier,myquestionis:whatistheconsiderationofthegovernmentintakingtheinitiativetoadjustthedownwardoftheGDPgrowthtarget.Willaslowereconomyaffectthegovernment’seffortstoexpandemploymentandimprovepeople’swell-being?
温家宝:
主动调低经济发展的速度,不仅表明决心和意志,而且是一个重大的举措。就是说,在今后五年以至中国经济发展的相当长时期,我们要把转变经济增长方式作为主线。真正使中国的经济转到主要依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质上来,着重提高经济的增长质量和效益。
WehavesetalowerGDPgrowthtargetforthenextfiveyears.IbelievethisshowstheresolveandwilloftheChinesegovernment.Itisalsoamajorstepthatthegovernmentisdeterminedtotake.Thismeansthatinthenextfiveyearsandevenforamuchlongerperiodoftimetocome,inthecourseofChina’seconomicdevelopment,wewilltakethetransformationofChina’seconomicdevelopmentpatternasourprioritytasksothatwewillbeabletorefocusChina’seconomicdevelopmenttoscientificandtechnologicaladvancesandtohighereducationallevelofthelaborforce.AndwewillbeabletointhatwayraisethequalityandefficiencyofChina’seconomicdevelopment.
经济发展速度、就业与通货膨胀三者之间有密切联系。经济发展速度高,就业人数就会多,但通胀的压力也会大。经济发展速度低,就业人数少,但很容易使经济走向衰退。我们必须在这两条道路当中走出一条光明的路,把它们有机地连接起来。
Thespeedofeconomicgrowth,employmentandinflationleadsthreeaspectsofcloselyinterconnected.Ahighgrowthspeedwillbringmorejobs,butatthesametimeincreaseinflationarypressure.Andalowgrowthspeedwillmeanfewerjobsbutitisalsolikelytocauseeconomicrecession.WemuststrikearightbalancebetweenthesetwoandinsureabrightfutureforChina’seconomicdevelopment.Weshouldtakeanintegratedapproachintakingrelevanteffortsonbothfronts.
我们要充分利用这样一个机会,调整经济结构,解决中国经济长期以来存在的不平衡、不协调和不可持续的问题,使经济的发展与人口、环境和资源相适应。
WemustseizethecurrentopportunitiesandmakeadjustmentstoChina’seconomicstructuresothatwewillbeabletoresolvethelong-standingprobleminChina’seconomicdevelopment.Thatisalackofadequatebalance,coordinationandsustainability.Andwemuststrikeabalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandpopulation,environmentalprotectionandresources.
7%的发展速度也不算低了。大家注意到,我们的经济总量在不断增加,7%的速度使经济增长也不断增加,也就是说基数大了,真正实现有质量和效益的7%的增长速度,并非是一件容易的事情。谈到就业,我觉得我们应该重视结构调整,在结构调整中特别应该重视发展中小企业,主要是科技型的小企业。重视发展服务业,包括生产服务业,这些都可以容纳更多的就业。我们一定想办法,在比过去低的速度下还能解决中国日益增长的就业压力问题,这对政府是一个极大的考验。我们完全有决心能够办好这件事情。
Ialsowanttopointoutthata7%growthtargetisnotalowtarget.WehavenotedthatChina’seconomicaggregateshavebeenexpandingrapidlyinrecentyears.Andthat7%growthratewillalsofurtheraddtoChina’ssizeofeconomyinaggregateterms.Andthatmeanswehaveanincreasinglylargebasefigure.Thereforeitwillnotbeeasyforustoachievethis7%growthtargetwhileatthesametimeinsuringgoodqualityandefficiencyofeconomicdevelopment.Withrespecttojobs,Iwouldliketosaythatwemustpaycloseattentiontoeconomicrestructuring.Andinthiscourseweshouldgiveprioritytodevelopingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,inparticularsmallhigh-techenterprisesanddeveloptheservicesectorincludingproducerservices.Allthesewillhelpusspurmorejobs.Thegovernmentwillmakeeveryefforttocopewiththerisingemploymentpressurewiththisdownwardadjustedeconomicgrowthtarget.Ithinkthisposesagreattesttothegovernmentbutwehavethedeterminationthatwewillbesuccessful.
谢谢你。
Thankyou!
法国《观点周刊》记者:
谢谢主持人!温总理,您好!我是法国《观点周刊》的记者朱浩林。我们看到,今年年初以来,在北非的一些国家经历了很大的变化。世界也在关注着快速发展的中国,有人认为中国在政治、经济、文化等领域已经创建了属于自己的发展模式。我想问的问题是,中国的发展模式如何很好地适应变化中的大环境?其他国家能否从中国的发展模式中借鉴并得到启示?
I’mwithLePointofFrance.Mr.Primeminister,NorthAfricahasbeenexperimentingtremendouschangessincethebeginningoftheyear.AndtheworldisnowobservingChinawhichisperusingitscourse.CanwesaythatChinahascreateditsownmodelinthemodeofpolitics,economicsandculture?Andhowisthismodelgoingtoadapttothisnewenvironment?Andcouldsomeothercountriesbeinspiredbythismodel?Thankyou!
温家宝:
我们十分关注西亚、北非发生的政治动荡,但是我们认为,任何把中国同西亚、北非发生政治动荡的国家相类比都是不正确的。
WehavefollowedcloselytheturbulenceofthepoliticalsituationinsomeWestAsianandNorthAfricancountries.Atthesametime,wetaketheviewthatitisnotrighttodrawananalogybetweenChinaandthoserelevantcountries.
改革开放30年来,中国经济社会取得了飞速的发展,人民生活明显改善,这是举世公认的。我们的政府在认真解决当前经济社会存在的问题,这也是老百姓有目共睹的事。中国经济这些年确实发生了很大的变化,我们的经济总量跃居到世界第二位,但是我们一直清醒地认识到中国人口多、底子薄、发展不平衡,依然是一个发展中国家。
Withoverthirtyyearsofreformandopeningup,Chinahasachievedrapiddevelopmentinitseconomicandsocialfields.ThelivesoftheChinesepeoplehavebeenmarkedlyimproved.Theseachievementshavebeenwidelyrecognized.IbelievetheChinesepeoplehavealsoseenthattheChinesegovernmentistakingseriousstepstoaddressthechallengesandproblemsinChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.ItistruethatrecentyearshavewitnessedmajorchangesinChina’seconomy.NowtheChineseeconomyhasbecomethesecondlargestintheworld.Butatthesametime,wearealsofullyawarethatChinaremainsadevelopingcountrywithlargepopulation,weakeconomicfoundationandunevendevelopment.
我们选择了一条适合中国国情的发展道路。这条道路的主要特点是:第一,必须坚持以经济建设为中心,大力促进经济发展和社会进步;第二,必须坚持以人为本,全面协调和可持续发展;第三,必须坚持社会公平正义以保持社会的和谐和稳定;第四,必须保障人民的民主权利,促进人的全面发展,以进一步调动人民的积极性和创造性。
WehaveembarkedonthedevelopmentpaththatfitsChina’snationalconditions.Themainfeaturesofthisdevelopmentpathareasfollows:First,wewillfocusoneconomicconstructionandvigorouslypromoteeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress;Second,wewillcontinuetoputpeople’sinterestsfirstandstriveforcomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopment;Third,wewillcontinuetopromotesocialfairnessandjusticeandmaintainsocialstabilityandharmony;Andfourth,wewillprotectthedemocraticrightsofthepeople,promotetheirall-rounddevelopmentandgivefurtherplaytotheinitiativeandcreativityofthepeople.
我们的改革和建设还在探索当中,我们从来不认为自己的发展是一种模式。同样,我们认为任何国家都要走适合自己国情的发展道路,我们尊重各国人民的选择。我们认为,不同的国家、不同的发展道路都可以相互尊重、相互学习和借鉴。谢谢你。
Chinaisstilltakingexploratorystepswithrespecttoitsreformanddevelopment.Wehaveneverseenourowndevelopmentpathasanyparticularmodel.Webelievethatallcountriescanidentifytheirowndevelopmentpathswhicharesuitedtotheirnationalconditions,andwerespectthechoicesmadebypeopleofothercountries.Atthesametime,wetaketheviewthatcountriescanlearnfromeachotherintermsofdevelopmentpathonthebasesofmutualrespect.Thankyou!
篇四:政府工作报告中英文对照
两会双语:2021政府工作报告要点梳理以及英文注释(中)
3月5日上午9时,第十三届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在人民大会堂举行开幕会。国务院总理李克强代表国务院作政府工作报告。我们为你梳理了报告的英文版本并对重点表达进行了注解,本篇为中篇。
“十四五”规划the14thFive-YearPlan
“十四五”时期是开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年。我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期,但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化。今年两会的一项重要内容,是审查、讨论“十四五”规划和二〇三五年远景目标纲要(草案)。纲要是指导今后5年及15年国民经济和社会发展的纲领性文件。
2021年是实施“十四五”规划、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一年,我们将隆重庆祝中国共产党成立100周年。
Theyear2021marksthestartofthe14thFive-YearPlan,withthecountryembarkingonanewjourneyoffullybuildingamodernsocialistcountry.Also,grandcelebrationswillbeheldtomarktheCPC’scentenary.
宏观经济政策macroeconomicpolicy
2021年的中国发展,挑战与机遇并存,特别是疫情和国际环境依然存在诸多不确定性。
国务院发展研究中心宏观经济研究部研究员张立群认为:在“十四五”开局之年,中国经济有潜力、有韧性保持一定增长速度。同时,他也表示,核心目的不是为了追求数字好看,而是强调经济质量的提升与百姓福祉的保障。
China’seconomyisresilient,haspotentialandwillmaintainsustainedgrowthin2021.Buttheprimarygoalofeconomicdevelopmentisnottoseekanice-lookingGDPfigurebuttoraisethequalityofthegrowthandensurepeople’swell-being.
乡村振兴
ruralvitalization
2月25日,国家乡村振兴局挂牌。脱贫攻坚的全面胜利不是终点,而是农村、农业现代化的新起点。“三农”工作重心从脱贫攻坚向全面推进乡村振兴历史性转移。
脱贫摘帽不是终点,而是新生活、新奋斗的起点。
Shakingoffpovertyisnotthefinishline,butthestartingpointofanewlifeandnewendeavor.
绿色转型
greentransformation
从2020年9月的第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论到12月举行的气候雄心峰会,我国多次表示,二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值(peakcarbondioxideemissionsby2030),努力争取2060年前实现碳中和(achievecarbonneutralityby2060)。
中央经济工作会议将做好碳达峰、碳中和工作列入2021年要抓好的8大重点任务之一。
国务院近日发布加快建立健全绿色低碳循环发展经济体系的指导意见。意见要求,坚定不移贯彻新发展理念,高效利用资源、严格保护生态环境、有效控制温室气体排放。
TheStateCouncilhasreleasedaguidelinetoacceleratethedevelopmentofagreenandlow-carboncirculareconomicdevelopmentsystem.Theguidelineurgeseffortstofirmlyimplementthenewdevelopmentphilosophy,boostefficiencyintheuseofresources,strengthenprotectionoftheecologicalenvironment,andeffectivelycontrolgreenhousegasemissions.
疫情防控
COVID-19preventionandcontrol
如期举办全国两会,有力说明了中国疫情防控的成效。如何进一步做好疫情常态化防控,巩固拓展疫情防控和经济社会发展成果,是社会关注的焦点。
要总结这次疫情防控的成功做法,完善我国社会保障针对突发重大风险的应急响应机制。
ChinashouldsummarizesuccessfulpracticesinCOVID-19preventionandcontrolandimprovesocialsecurityemergency-responsemechanismsagainstmajorrisks.
“六稳”“六保”ensurestabilityin6keyareasandeffectivelymeet6priorities
与往年相比,今年的民生话题将不仅聚焦当下热点,也将前瞻时代变化,政策视野将既有“特写对焦”也有“广角远景”。
“六稳”是指稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期(keep
employment,thefinancialsector,foreigntrade,foreignanddomesticinvestments,andexpectationsstable)工作;
“六保”是指保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转(ensuresecurityinjob,basiclivingneeds,
operationsofmarketentities,foodandenergysecurity,stableindustrialandsupplychains,andthenormalfunctioningofprimary-levelgovernments)。
法治中国建设
buildtheruleoflawinChina
2015年以来,全国人大常委会已连续6年提请全国人代会审议重要法律。
2019年,全国人民代表大会通过了《外商投资法》;2020年,通过了《民法典》。
In2019,theNPCsessionadoptedtheForeignInvestmentLaw.Lastyear,themilestoneCivilCodewasadopted.
今年将提请十三届全国人大四次会议审议的,是全国人大组织法修正草案(draftamendmenttotheorganiclaw)和全国人大议事规则修正草案(draftamendmenttotheproceduralrulesoftheNPC)。
高水平对外开放opening-upatahigherlevel
在过去一年间,区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)成功签署,中欧投资协定谈判如期完成,中国同非洲联盟签署共建“一带一路”合作规划,中国吸收外资的全球占比大幅提升……中国向世界表明了支持经济全球化、实施对外开放的坚定决心。
当前,中国正在新发展理念指引下,加紧构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,深入推进高水平对外开放,这将为世界各国提供更大市场空间,创造更多发展机遇。
Atthemoment,Chinaisfollowingthenewdevelopmentvision,fosteringanewdevelopmentparadigmfeaturing“dualcirculations”,withdomesticcirculationasthemainstayanddomesticandinternationalcirculationsreinforcingeachother,andadvancingopening-upatahigherlevel.Thismeansabiggermarketandmoredevelopmentopportunitiesforothercountries.
篇五:政府工作报告中英文对照
2019年英语口译高级:政府工作报告中英翻译(3)
以扩大国内市场应用、重要关键技术攻关为重点,推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。
Weshouldpromotesounddevelopmentofstrategicemergingindustries,withthefocusonexpandingtheirshareinthedomesticmarketandmakingbreakthroughsinmajorandkeytechnologies.
积极推动信息化和工业化融合,加快建设新一代信息基础设施,促动信息网络技术广泛应用。
WeshouldpromotetheintegrationofITapplicationandindustrialization,morequicklybuildnext-generationinformationandcommunicationinfrastructure,andspreadtheuseofinformationnetworktechnology.
坚持生产性服务业和生活性服务业并重,现代服务业和传统服务业并举,进一步发展壮大服务业。
Weshoulddevelopandexpandtheservicesector,andattachequalimportancetoproducerandconsumerserviceindustriesandtomodernandtraditionalserviceindustries.
要顺应人民群众对美好生活环境的期待,大力增强生态文明建设和环境保护。生态环境关系人民福祉,关乎子孙后代和民族未来。
Inresponsetopeople'sexpectationsofhavingagoodlivingenvironment,weshouldgreatlystrengthenecologicalimprovementandenvironmentalprotection.Thestateoftheecologicalenvironmentaffectsthelevelofpeople'swellbeingandalsoposterityandthefutureofournation.
要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策,着力推动绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。
Weshouldadheretothebasicstatepolicyofconservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironmentandendeavortopromotegreen,circular,andlow-carbondevelopment.
大力推动能源资源节约和循环利用,重点抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构等领域节能,控制能源消费总量,降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放强度。
Weshouldgreatlyboosttheconservationandreuseofenergyandresources,giveprioritytosavingenergyinindustry,transportationandconstructionandinpublicinstitutions,restricttotalenergyconsumption,andreduceenergyandmaterialsconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissions.
要加快调整经济结构和布局,抓紧完善标准、制度和法规体系,
Weshouldspeedupadjustingtheeconomicstructureanddistributionandupgradingrelatedstandards,practices,andlawsandregulations.
采取切实的防治污染措施,促动生产方式和生活方式的转变,
Weshouldadopteffectivemeasurestopreventandcontrolpollutionandchangethewayweworkandlive.
下决心解决好关系群众切身利益的大气、水、土壤等突出环境污染问题,改善环境质量,维护人民健康,用实际行动让人民看到希望。
Weshouldresolvetosolvetheproblemsofseriousair,water,andsoilpollutionthataffectthepeople'svitalinterests;improveenvironmentalquality,andsafeguard
people'shealth,andgivethepeoplehopethroughourconcreteaction.
要做好气象、地质、地震等方面工作,提升防灾减灾水平。
Weshoulddoourmeteorological,geologicalandseismicworkwellandbecomebetterabletopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters.
优化国土空间开发格局,合理控制开发强度,调整空间结构。
Weshouldoptimizedevelopmentofthecountry'sterritory,carryoutdevelopmentataproperpaceandadjustitsspatiallayout.
篇六:政府工作报告中英文对照
历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和《经济学家》中英文对照版建议多看看,上面的习题最好都亲自做一下,三级没多大难度,充分准备应该可以通过汉英翻译技巧的培养(translationcompetencedevelopment)应涉及以下内容:
一.要培养对英语的语感和悟性(languageintuition–openandalertmindtopickupidioms,specificexpressions,etc.);
二.要培养对英语的判断能力和鉴赏能力(evaluationcapacity–judgment);三.要培养对英语的洞察能力和剖析能力(powerofobservation–insight);四.要培养对英语细微特征的反应能力(linguisticnuancesalertness);五.要培养对社会文化和跨文化交流的敏感性(social-culturalsensitivity–cross-culturalawareness);六.要培养对英语和汉语之间差别的意识(senseofdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish);七.要培养对英语和汉语之间的辩证关系的认识(awarenessofthedialecticrelationshipbetweenChineseandEnglish);八.要培养对英语“洋为中用”的意识(“usethingsforeigntoserveChinesepurposes”);九.要培养对英语“学以致用”的意识(applywhatyouhavelearnedinyourtranslation);十.要培养对翻译的多层次、多角度的立体思维方式(amulti-tierapproach)。十一.一名称职的翻译工作者必须懂得什么是翻译的真谛(aclearconceptionofwhattranslationis)。十二.一名优秀的翻译人员必须具有高屋建瓴的视角(greatpowersofconception)。各种能力和意识的培养都需要加强翻译意识的锻炼:第一:要对翻译的重要性有深刻的、充分的认识,翻译的对与错、好与坏有时会产生绝
然不同的效果。例如,天涯海角:不是theEndoftheWorld(应为Land’sEnd/Endofthe
Earth)。再如,一小时内免费送机票上门:不是Wegiveyouticketsfreeofchargewithin
onehour.(应为Weofferfreedeliveryofyourairticketswithinonehourafteryour
bookingconfirmation.)第二:要善于仔细地、深入地、准确地理解中文原文的意思。这是因为准确的理解是做
好翻译的前提。例如,摸着石头过河:不是crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestones。(而
是wadeacrossthestreambyfeelingtheway)正确的做法应该是按照下面的步骤去做:
1.“摸着石头过河”的字面意思如何理解?
2.它有什么暗含或延伸的意思?
3.英语里有没有相同或类似的说法?.如果有,就可以直接借用;如果没有,是进行直译还是意译?
4.如果直译为crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestones是否能被外国人理解?
5.过河是乘船过(crossingbyboat)还是淌水过(wadingacross),动词用什么形式?
6.这里的河是大河、中河还是小河(river,stream,brook,etc.)?
7.摸的方式是用手摸还是用脚触?
8.石头是大石头还是小石头(rock,stone,pebble,etc.)?
9.如果意译为learningbyexperiment/bytrialanderror是否可取?
10.直译和意译相结合wadingacrossthestreambyfeelingtheway如何?第三:中文和英文的对应词有时意思并不相同或者不完全相同,不能照字面翻译。例如,他的英语说得真好,就像外国人一样。不是HespeaksEnglishsowell,hesoundslikea
foreigner.而是HespeaksEnglishsowell,hesoundslikeanativespeaker.
拉动经济增长:不是pulleconomicgrowth,而是
push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/spur/drive/fuel/speedup/accelerate/generate/
fire
up/
propel/
facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。素质教育:不是qualityeducation,而是caliber-focusededucation或trait-centerededucation。
第四:有时候中文字面的意思表达不充分,部分信息被省略了或被隐藏起来了。例如,特区是个窗口,是技术的窗口,管理的窗口,知识的窗口,也是对外政策的窗口。不是:Thespecialzoneisawindow.Itisawidowforintroducingtechnology,managementandknowledge.Itisalsoawindowforforeignpolicy.
篇七:政府工作报告中英文对照
(1)每年的政府工作报告中英文一定要看,而且要对照着看.最好的办法是看一段中文,自己翻译成英文,然后和译文对照,会发现其中的很多问题.我们的官方文章通常比较概泛(说白了就是有些空洞),而且许多语汇可以做多种解释和翻译(subjecttovariousinterpretations),这个时候就需要以官方译文为准.例如:"保护"有多种译法,"保护权利"是safeguard,"保护资源"是conserve,"保护人民财产"是protect,根据具体语境不同还可以译为forestall,save,keep等等.大家作练习的时候不要走马观花,一定要充分比较自己的翻译思路和译文的翻译思路.《政府工作报告》英文基本上涵盖了一年中的大小时事和新词汇.更重要的是要去学习标准译文对逻辑的把握.中国官方文章中通常使用排比,例如:加大……力度,规范……秩序,提高……能力,实现……社会.乍一看是并列结构,但是你看标准译文,不是并列,而是"加大……规范"是手段,"提高"是结果,"实现"是目标,译文中添加了中文没有的连词.大家比较的时候,一定要关注这些细微的地方.
>>2009年政府工作报告
(2)时事词汇一定要勤想勤查,比如"三聚氰胺""霍乱"怎么说.同时要注意,外电的提法和我们外交部的口径常常有差距的,一定要细心比较.
>>时事热词必备积累时事热词必备积累
(3)多看看NationalGeographicChannel和DiscoveryChannel的节目,扩大知识面和词汇量吧.口译临场常常会冒出来"炭疽""霉菌""伤亡人数""航空母舰""粪便(可不是shit啊)""起重机"各种词汇,知识面一定要广,能够联想,词汇要多,而且随口能说.
(4)多练练普通话和公众演讲.平时说话时候注意纠正自己的口音,减少"哼,哈"或口头禅,练习说话的时候带有笑意,练习公众演讲不紧张,即便说错了也心平气和地改正,千万不能脸红心跳.
>>看名家演讲学演讲艺术看名家演讲学演讲艺术
(5)多锻炼身体,注重仪表整洁.不要小看这一点,整洁得体的仪表和穿着很重要,特别是在领导人身边跟随进行高级别拜访的时候.同时要懂得礼貌,除翻译以外不要妄加评论,不要没事和对方人员聊天,不要抢着照相,注意躲避相机,注意面带笑容,注意与主讲人多进行眼神交流,加强主讲人对翻译的信心,消除主讲人的紧张情绪.不要在翻译的时候表露自己的个人感情(例如:不屑,愤怒,发笑等).
(6)记住中文各种官衔名称,例如:部长,司长,处长,还有例如发改委主任不是director而是minister,还有海关总署署长,新闻出版署署长,如果不确定,会前一定要问清楚,千万别讲错.
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篇八:政府工作报告中英文对照
五年来我们不断深化行政管理体制改革加快转变政府职能全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革深入推进依法行政建设法治政府和服务型政府推进政务公开加强行政问责坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争政府自身建设取得积极进展
国务院总理温家宝在二〇一一年三月五日第十一届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上所作政府工作报告PremierWenJiabao’sReportontheWorkoftheGovernmentdeliveredattheFourthSessionoftheEleventhNationalPeople'sCongressonMarch5,2011各位代表:现在,我代表国务院,向大会作政府工作报告,请各位代表审议,并请全国政协委员提出意见。FellowDeputies,OnbehalfoftheStateCouncil,Inowpresenttoyoumyreportontheworkofthegovernmentforyourdeliberationandapproval.IalsoinvitethemembersoftheNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)tosubmitcommentsandsuggestions.一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾I.ReviewofNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentDuringtheEleventhFive-YearPlanPeriod“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战,中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民,全面推进改革开放和现代化建设,国家面貌发生了历史性变化。TheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiodwasatrulyextraordinarytimeinthecourseofthecountry'sdevelopment.Inthefaceofcomplexdomesticandinternationalsituationsandaseriesofmajorrisksandchallenges,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)unitedwithandledthepeopleofallthecountry'sethnicgroupsincomprehensivelyadvancingreform,openingupandmodernization,bringingaboutahistoricchangeinChinaoverthepastfiveyears.——这五年,我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击,保持经济平稳较快发展,胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务,国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元,年均增长11.2%,财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。//-Thecountry'sproductiveforcesandoverallnationalstrengthimprovedsignificantly.Weeffectivelywardedofftheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,maintainedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopmentandfulfilledthemajorobjectivesandtasksoftheEleventhFive-YearPlan,andtheeconomyscalednewheights.GDPgrewatanaverageannualrateof11.2%toreach39.8trillionyuan.Governmentrevenueincreasedfrom3.16trillionyuanto8.31trillionyuan.Majorbreakthroughswereattainedincutting-edgescienceandtechnologysuchasthemannedspacemission,thelunarexplorationprogramandsupercomputers.Greatprogresswasmadeinthemodernizationofnationaldefenseandthearmy.——这五年,各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人,转移农业劳动力4500万人;城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%;覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。-Progressinallsocialprogramsacceleratedandpeople'slivesimprovedsignificantly.Comprehensiveprogresswasmadeineducation,scienceandtechnology,
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culture,publichealthandsportsprograms.Thenumberofnewurbanjobsincreasedby57.71million,and45millionagriculturalworkersfoundurbanemployment.Thepercapitadisposableincomeofurbanresidentsrosebyanannualaverageof9.7%andthepercapitanetincomeofruralresidentsby8.9%inrealterms.Thesocialsecuritysystemcoveringbothurbanandruralareaswasprogressivelyrefined.——这五年,改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破,社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元,开放型经济水平快速提升。Majorprogresswasmadeinreformandopeningup.Newbreakthroughswereachievedincrucialareasandkeylinksofreform,andthesocialistmarketeconomyfurtherimproved.Lastyear,totalforeigntradevolumereachedUS$2.97trillionandtheopennessoftheeconomyincreasedrapidly.——这五年,我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用,有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益,全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会,实现了中华民族的百年梦想。-China'sinternationalprestigeandinfluencegrewsignificantly.Weplayedanimportantandconstructiveroleininternationalaffairs;effectivelysafeguardedournationalsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests;andmademajorprogressinourall-arounddiplomacy.WesuccessfullyhostedtheBeijingOlympicsandShanghaiWorldExpo,thusfulfillingdreamstheChinesenationhadcherishedforacentury.这些辉煌成就,充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性,展现了改革开放的伟大力量,极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力,必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。ThesebrilliantachievementsclearlyshowtheadvantagesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandthegreatpowerofreformandopeningup.Theygreatlyincreasedtheconfidenceandprideofourpeopleofallethnicgroups,strengthenedthecohesivenessoftheChinesenation,andinspiredustoforgeaheadonourhistoriccourse.//五年来,我们主要做了以下工作:Thefollowingareourmainaccomplishmentsoverthepastfiveyears:(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。Strengtheningandimprovingmacro-control,andspurringsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度,牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期,针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩,以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题,采取正确的政策措施,有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年,面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击,我们沉着应对,科学决策,果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划,大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税,大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划,大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑,大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针,采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施,增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入,消费规模持续扩大,结构不断升级。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划,其中,新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%,重大基础设施建设占23.6%,灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政府投资引导带动社会投资,国内需求大幅增加,有
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效弥补外需缺口,较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势,在世界率先实现回升向好,既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生,又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。//Wepaidcloseattentiontotheorientation,focusandstrengthofmacro-controlandkeptafirmgraspontheinitiativeinoureconomicwork.IntheearlystagesoftheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiod,weadoptedcorrectpoliciesandmeasurestoaddressoverheatedinvestmentgrowth,theexcessivetradesurplus,excessliquidity,andstructuralandimportedinflation;effectivelypreventedemergingproblemsfromevolvingintotrends;andpreventedproblemsinanyoneareafrombecominggeneralproblems.Inthelasttwoyears,werespondedcoollytotheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis-acrisisofaseverityseldomseeninthelastcentury,madedecisionsscientificallyandresolutelyfollowedaproactivefiscalpolicyandmoderatelyeasymonetarypolicy.Westeadfastlyimplementedamulti-pointplan,greatlyincreasedgovernmentspendingandmadestructuraltaxreductions,carriedouttheplanforrestructuringandreinvigoratingkeyindustriesonalargescale,vigorouslypromotedinnovationandincreasedsupportforworkinscienceandtechnology,andsubstantiallyincreasedsocialsecuritybenefits.Westeadfastlyfollowedastrategyofexpandingdomesticdemand;adoptedpoliciesandmeasurestoencourageconsumerspending;andincreasedurbanandruralincomes,particularlyforlow-incomepeople.Asaresult,consumerspendinggrewsteadilyanditsstructureconstantlyimproved.Wecarriedoutatwo-yearinvestmentplantoincreasespendingby4trillionyuan,including1.18trillionyuanfromthecentralgovernment.Ofthisamount,43.7%wasinvestedinlow-incomehousingprojects,projectstoimprovethewellbeingofruralresidents,andsocialprograms;15.3%ininnovation,restructuring,energyconservation,emissionsreductionsandecologicalimprovement;23.6%inmajorinfrastructureprojects;and14.8%inpost-Wenchuanearthquakerecoveryandreconstruction.Governmentspendingguidedanddrovenongovernmentalinvestment,greatlyincreaseddomesticdemandandeffectivelycompensatedforweakexternaldemand.ThishelpedtoreversetheslowdownineconomicgrowthinarelativelyshorttimeandmaketheChineseeconomythefirstintheworldtopickupagain.Inthisway,wenotonlygotoverthehardtimesandensuredandimprovedthewellbeingofthepeople,butalsolaidafirmfoundationforlong-termdevelopment.(二)毫不放松地做好“三农”工作,巩固和加强农业基础。Strivingtodoourworkrelatedtoagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmerswell,andconsolidatingandstrengtheningtheagriculturalfoundation中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元,年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费,结束了农民种田交税的历史,每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制,农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策,小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高,去年达到54641万吨,连续7年增产;农民人均纯收入达到5919元,实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进,集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设,完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固,解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题,农民的日子越过越好,农村发展进入一个新时代。//
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Centralgovernmentspendingonagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmerstotalednearly3trillionyuanandgrewatanaverageannualrateofmorethan23%.Agriculturaltaxandvariousgovernmentchargesweretotallyabolished,therebyendingthehistoryoffarmerspayingtaxesonthecropstheygrowandeasingtheirannualburdenbymorethan133.5billionyuan.Wesetupasubsidysystemforgraingrowersandabenefitsubsidysystemformajorgrowingareas,andpaidout122.6billionyuaninproductionsubsidiestograingrowerslastyear.Minimumpurchasepricesandtemporarypurchaseandstoragepolicieswereputinplaceforkeygrainvarieties,andtheminimumpurchasepricesforwheatandricewereraisedbybetween25%and40%.Werigorouslysafeguardedarableland.Weworkedhardtomakeadvancesinagriculturalscienceandtechnology.Newrecordhighsweresetforgrainproduction,whichreached5.4641trilliontonslastyear,theseventhconsecutiveyearlyincrease.Thepercapitanetincomeoffarmerscontinuedtogrowrapidlyandreached5,919yuan.Wemadesteadyprogresswithcomprehensivereformsinthecountrysideandfullyimplementedthereformoftenureincollectiveforestsandthesystemformanagingstate-ownedfarms.Weacceleratedagriculturalandruralinfrastructuredevelopment.Wefinishedreinforcing7,356largeandmedium-sizedreservoirsandkeysmallreservoirsandensuredthesafetyofdrinkingwaterfor215millionruralresidents.Farmers'livesconstantlyimprovedandruraldevelopmententeredanewera.(三)大力推进经济结构调整,提高经济增长质量和效益。Stronglypromotingeconomicrestructuringandimprovingthequalityandperformanceofeconomicgrowth一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组,工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系,实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程,突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术,一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展,在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快,五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里,新增公路63.9万公里,其中高速公路3.3万公里,新建、改扩建机场33个,新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。First,weacceleratedindustrialrestructuringandinnovation.Wevigorouslycarriedouttechnologicalupgradinginenterprisesandenterprisemergersandreorganizations,whichnoticeablyraisedtheoveralllevelandcompetitivenessofChineseindustries,particularlyequipmentmanufacturing.Strategicemergingindustriesgrewrapidly.Weacceleratedthedevelopmentofthenationalinnovationsystem;carriedoutknowledgeinnovationprojectsandtechnologyinnovationprojects;andmadebreakthroughsinurgentlyneededcutting-edgetechnologies,coretechnologiesandkeyequipmenttechnologies.Alargenumberofresearchresultshavebeenappliedinindustrialproduction.TheserviceindustrydevelopedquicklyandtheproportionitcontributestoGDProseby2.5percentagepoints.Wegreatlyacceleratedinfrastructuredevelopment.Weexpandedtherailwaysystemby16,000kmoverthepastfiveyearsandtheroadsystemby639,000km,including33,000kmofexpressways.Webuilt,improvedorexpanded33airportsandbuiltorreinforced17,000kmofdykes.二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施,制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能
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源,新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦,其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里,加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计,单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。Second,wemadegenuineprogressinenergyconservation,emissionsreduction,ecologicalimprovementandenvironmentalprotection.Weformulatedpolicies,measuresandnationalobjectivesforcontrollinggreenhousegasemissionsby2020anddrewupacomprehensiveworkplanforconservingenergyandreducingemissions.Wevigorouslydevelopedcleanenergy.Newpowergeneratingunitswithacapacityof445millionkWwereputonline,includinghydropowerplantswith96.01millionkWcapacityandnuclearpowerplantswith3.84millionkWcapacity.Wedecommissionedsmallthermalpowerplantswithacapacityof72.1millionkWandeliminatedanumberofoutdatedcoal,steel,cementandcokeproductionfacilities.Wemadeprogressonkeyecologicalforestryprojects,andafforestedatotalof25.29millionhectares.Weappliedacombinationofapproachestocontrolsoilerosionon230,000km2ofland,andstrengthenedeffortstocontrolwaterandairpollutioninkeywatersheds,preventandcontrolairpollutionandcontrolindustrialwastewater,wastegasesandresidues.Westronglypromotedthedevelopmentofthecirculareconomy.EnergyconsumptionperunitofGDPfell19.1%,chemicaloxygendemandby12.45%andsulfurdioxideemissionsby14.29%.三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略,颁布实施全国主体功能区规划,制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划,推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快,经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平;东部地区经济结构不断优化,自主创新和竞争力逐步提高;地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小,各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。Third,weworkedtobalanceregionaleconomicdevelopment.Weimplementedamasterstrategyforregionaldevelopment,issuedandimplementedthenationalplanfordevelopmentpriorityzones;formulatednew10-yearguidelinesforthelarge-scaledevelopmentofthewesternregionandanumberofregionaldevelopmentplans;andintroducednewmeasurestostimulatedevelopmentbyleapsandboundsinTibet,TibetanethnicareasinSichuan,Yunnan,GansuandQinghaiprovinces,Xinjiangandotherethnicminorityareas.DevelopmentacceleratedinthecentralandwesternregionsandnortheastChina,andtheireconomicgrowthratesandothermaineconomicindicatorswerehigherthanthenationalaverage.Theeconomicstructureoftheeasternregionconstantlyimproved,anditsinnovativenessandcompetitivenessgraduallyincreased.Discrepanciesinlevelsofbasicpublicservicesamongregionsweredecreasing,andthedevelopmentofeachregionwastakingonuniquecharacteristics.//(四)坚定不移深化改革开放,增强经济社会发展内在活力。Determinedlyworkingtodeepenreformandopeningup,andstrengtheningtheinternalvitalityofeconomicandsocialdevelopment财政转移支付制度逐步完善,县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施,成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,资源税改革启动试点,内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成,政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进;平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题,创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出,债券市场稳步发展;深
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入推进保险业改革开放;人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策,非公有制经济发展环境不断改善,多种所有制经济共同发展。Wegraduallyimprovedthesystemoftransferpaymentsandsetuparudimentarymechanismforensuringbasicfundingforcounty-levelgovernments.WecomprehensivelycarriedoutVATreform.Thereformofpricesofrefinedoilproductsandrelatedtaxesandfeeswasimplementedsmoothly.Trialswerelaunchedforthereformofresourcetaxes,andthecorporatetaxsystemsfordomesticandoverseas-fundedenterpriseswereunified.Thereformtoconvertlargestate-ownedcommercialbankstostockholdingcompanieswassmoothlycompleted,andthereformofpolicy-basedfinancialinstitutionsandruralcreditcooperativesiswellunderway.Westeadilyresolvedtheissueoffloatingnon-tradablesharesoflistedcompanies;successfullylaunchedtheChiNextstockmarket;andintroducedstockindexfuturesandsecuritiesmargintrading.Themarketforgovernmentbondsdevelopedsteadily.Wedeepenedthereformandopeningupoftheinsuranceindustry.OrderlyprogresswasmadeinreformingthemechanismforsettingtheRMBexchangerate,andthetrialsofsettlingcross-bordertradeaccountsinRMBwereconstantlyexpanded.Positiveprogresswasmadeinthereformtoturnstate-ownedenterprises(SOEs)intostockholdingcorporationsandthereformofthesystemformanagingandoverseeingstateassets.Weacceleratedreformofthepostalsystem.Aseriesofpolicieswereformulatedandimplementedtopromotethedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandencouragenongovernmentalinvestment,theenvironmentforthedevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomyconstantlyimproved,andeconomicentitiesunderdiverseformsofownershipdevelopedsidebyside.不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%,结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降,2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快,累计对外直接投资2200亿美元,对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设,多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整,增加了就业,吸收了先进技术和管理经验,大大提高了我国的国际地位。//Thebreadthanddepthofouropennesstotheoutsideworldconstantlyincreased.Totalimportandexportvolumegrewbyanaverageannualrateof15.9%,andthestructureofimportsandexportsconstantlyimproved.Ourtradesurplusdecreasedfortwoconsecutiveyears,andtheyear-on-yeardecreasewas6.4%in2010.Theutilizationofforeigncapitalfurtherimproved.Thepaceofenterprises"goingglobal"increasednoticeably:outwardforeigndirectinvestmentreached$220billionandthetotalvolumeofcontractstobuildforeignprojectsandprovideoverseaslaborservicesreached$335.2billion.Weenergeticallyparticipatedinthereformofglobaleconomicgovernanceandthedevelopmentofmechanismsforregionalcooperation,andourmultilateralandbilateraleconomicandtradecooperationcontinuedtodeepen.Thescaleofourforeignaidcontinuedtogrow.Openingtotheoutsideworldstronglystimulatedeconomicdevelopmentandrestructuring,increasedemployment,attractedadvancedtechnologyandmanagerial
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expertise,andgreatlyimprovedChina'sinternationalstanding.(五)加快发展社会事业,切实保障和改善民生。Acceleratingthedevelopmentofsocialundertakingsandgenuinelyensuringandimprovingthepeople'swellbeing始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调,围绕改善民生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务,促进高校毕业生、农村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业,做好退役军人就业安置工作。实施劳动合同法和就业促进法,普遍提高最低工资标准,推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展,城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹,实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法,连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平,年均增长10%,新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革,全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度,惠及12.67亿城乡居民。最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖,城乡社会救助体系基本建立,社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累7810亿元,比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造,1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。使我们要持之以恒,努力让全体人民老有所养、病有所医、住有所居。//Weconstantlyworkedtokeepeconomicdevelopmentinlinewithsocialdevelopment,andplandevelopmentwithaviewtoimprovingthewellbeingofthepeople.Wegavehighprioritytoemploymentineconomicandsocialdevelopment.Weimprovedvocationaltrainingandemploymentservices;helpedcollegegraduates,ruralmigrantworkersandurbanresidentswhohavedifficultyfindingjobstofindemployment;andhelpedex-soldiersfindjobsandsettledown.WeimplementedtheLaborContractLawandtheLawonPromotingEmployment,raisedminimumwages,andpromotedharmoniouslaborrelations.Weachievedbreakthroughsinthedevelopmentofthesocialsecuritysystemforbothurbanandruralresidents;basicpensioninsuranceforurbanworkerswasputunderunifiedplanningattheprovinciallevel;amethodwasdevisedtotransferpensioninsurancecoverageforworkersmovingtootherprovinces;andtherewasanaverage10%increaseperyearoverthelastsevenyearsinthebasicpensionforenterpriseretirees.Inaddition,thetrialofanewtypeofpensioninsuranceforruralresidentshasbeenextendedto24%ofallcounties.Weactivelyyetprudentlycarriedoutthereformofthepharmaceuticalandhealthcaresystems,andcompletedabasicmedicalinsurancesystemfornon-workingurbanresidentsandanewruralcooperativemedicalcaresystem,whichbenefit1.267billionurbanandruralresidents.Weachievedcompletecoverageofthesubsistenceallowancesystem;basicallyputinplaceanurban-ruralgovernmentassistanceprogram;andmadecontinuedprogressinprogramsrelatedtosocialwelfare,preferentialtreatmentandarrangementsforentitledgroups,charities,andpeoplewhoarephysicallyormentallyhandicapped.Moreover,thenationalsocialsecurityfundnowstandsat781billionyuan,over580billionyuanmorethanfiveyearsago.Wedevotedgreateffortstoconstructinglow-incomehousingandredevelopingrun-downareas,andasaresult,11millionpoorhouseholdswereabletomoveintonewhomes.Weworkedtirelesslytoensureeveryonehasaccesstoold-agecare,medicaltreatment,andhousing.制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元,年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育,所有适龄儿童都能“不花钱、有学上”。
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义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家助学制度,财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元,覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中,共资助学生2130万名,还为1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平,增强高校创新能力。制定并实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要,中央财政科技投入6197亿元,年均增长22.7%,取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家财政安排专项资金,改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院,建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快,文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快,全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进,“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理,社会保持和谐稳定。//WeformulatedandimplementedtheNationalMedium-andLong-TermPlanforEducationReformandDevelopment.Governmentspendingoneducationnationwidetotaled4.45trillionyuan,andgrewatanaverageannualrateof22.4%.Wemadeurbanandruralcompulsoryeducationfreesothatallchildrenofschoolagecanreceiveaneducationatnocost.Wefullyimplementedthesystemthatlinksthesalariesofteachersincompulsoryeducationtotheirperformance.Secondaryvocationaleducationwasmadefreeforstudentsfrompoverty-strickenruralhouseholdsandlow-incomeurbanhouseholdsandstudentswhosemajorsarerelatedtoagriculture.Weacceleratedtheimplementationofthegovernmentfinancialaidsystemforstudents,andgovernmentinvestmentincreasedfrom1.8billionyuanin2006to30.6billionyuanin2010.Thesystemwasexpandedfrominstitutionsofhigherlearningtosecondaryvocationalschoolsandregularseniorsecondaryschools,andhashelpedfundtheeducationof21.3millionstudentsandprovidedlivingexpensesforover12millionstudentslivingoncampuswhilereceivingcompulsoryeducation.Weacceleratedtherenovationofdilapidatedprimaryandsecondaryschoolbuildingsinruralareasandthedevelopmentofvocationaleducationinfrastructure.Weimprovedtheoverallqualityofhighereducation,andenhancedtheinnovationcapacityofcollegesanduniversities.WeformulatedandimplementedtheNationalMedium-andLong-TermPlanforScientificandTechnologicalDevelopment.Thecentralgovernmentallocated619.7billionyuanforscienceandtechnology,anaverageannualincreaseof22.7%,whichresultedinaseriesofmajorachievements.Greateffortsweremadetoimprovetheservicesprovidedbycommunity-basedmedicalandhealthcarefacilities.Aspecialfundwasincludedinthestatebudgettorenovateorbuild23,000townandtownshiphospitals,1,500countyhospitals,500countytraditionalChinesemedicinehospitals,and1,000countymaternityandchildcarehospitals,aswellastobuild2,400communityhealthservicecenters.WeformulatedandimplementedtheNationalMedium-andLong-TermPlanforHumanResourceDevelopment.Wesmoothlyattainedpopulationplanningobjectives.Importantprogresswasmadeinthereformoftheculturalmanagementsystem.Developmentofthesystemofpublicculturalservicesnoticeablyaccelerated,andthecultureindustrydevelopedvigorously.Philosophyandthesocialsciences,thepressand
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publishing,radio,filmandtelevision,andliteratureandartallflourishedandadvanced.Theconstructionofurbanandruralpublicsportsandexercisefacilitieswasaccelerated,andthenationalfitnessprogramhastakenroot.Wecomprehensivelyimprovedthelegalsystemandsmoothlyimplementedthefifthfive-yearplantoeducatethepublicaboutthelaw.Wemadeinnovationsinandstrengthenedtheadministrationofsocietyandmaintainedsocialharmonyandstability.抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利,汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成,玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼,中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强,中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。WewonmajorvictoriesinthefightagainsttheWenchuanearthquakeandothernaturaldisasters.Thepost-earthquakerecoveryandreconstructionworkinWenchuanwasbasicallycompletedintwoyearsinsteadofthescheduledthree,andrecoveryandreconstructionworkfollowingthestrongYushuearthquakeandmajormudslideinZhugquisproceedinginanorderlymanner.PassingtheseseveretestsmadetheChinesepeoplemoremature,moreconfidentandstronger,andthegreat,indomitableandunyieldingspiritoftheChinesenationisinvincible.五年来,我们不断深化行政管理体制改革,加快转变政府职能,全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革,深入推进依法行政,建设法治政府和服务型政府,推进政务公开,加强行政问责,坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争,政府自身建设取得积极进展。Weconstantlydeepenedreformoftheadministrativesystem.Weacceleratedthetransformationofgovernmentfunctions,completedanewroundofreformsofgovernmentagencies,intensivelycarriedoutadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw,developedlaw-basedgovernment,madethegovernmentmoreservice-oriented,madegovernmentaffairsmoreopen,improvedtheadministrativeaccountabilitysystem,tirelesslycombatedcorruption,andmadepositiveprogressingovernmentcapacitybuilding.过去五年,我们是一步一个脚印走过来的,中国人民有理由为此感到自豪!五年的成绩来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果,是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里,我代表国务院,向全国各族人民,向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士,表示诚挚感谢!向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞,表示诚挚感谢!向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友,表示诚挚感谢!//Weworkedsteadilyandmadesolidprogress,andtheChinesepeoplehaveeveryreasontotakeprideinthis.Ourachievementsdidnotcomeeasily.TheyweremadethankstothebroadvisionandcorrectleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommitteewithComradeHuJintaoasGeneralSecretaryandtheconcertedeffortsofthePartyandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsacrossthecountry.OnbehalfoftheStateCouncil,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetothepeopleofallethnicgroups,alldemocraticpartiesandmassorganizations,andpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Inaddition,IwouldliketoexpressmythankstoourcompatriotsintheHongKongandMacaospecialadministrativeregionsandinTaiwan,andoverseasChinese.Finally,mysincerethanksgotothegovernmentsofothercountries,internationalorganizationsandfriendsfromaroundtheworldwhocareforandsupportChina'smodernization.
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我们清醒地认识到,我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是:经济增长的资源环境约束强化,投资与消费关系失衡,收入分配差距较大,科技创新能力不强,产业结构不合理,农业基础仍然薄弱,城乡区域发展不协调,就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存,制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多;服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决,主要是:优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均;物价上涨压力加大,部分城市房价涨幅过高;违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多;食品安全问题比较突出;一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神,通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力,加快解决这些问题,让人民满意!//Wearekeenlyawarethatwestillhaveaseriousprobleminthatourdevelopmentisnotyetwellbalanced,coordinatedorsustainable.Thismanifestsitselfmainlyinthefollowing:growingresourceandenvironmentalconstraintshinderingeconomicgrowth,imbalancebetweeninvestmentandconsumption,largeincomegap,insufficientscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapabilities,anirrationalindustrialstructure,continuedweaknessintheagriculturalfoundation,unevendevelopmentbetweenurbanandruralareasandbetweenregions,thecoexistenceofoverallpressuretoexpandemploymentandstructuralshortageofqualifiedpersonnelinsomeindustries,defectsinsystemsandmechanismsthathinderscientificdevelopment,andourfailuretomeetthreetargetssetintheEleventhFive-YearPlan-thevalue-addedoftheservicesector,itsshareintotalemployment,andspendingonR&DasapercentageofGDP.Moreover,wehavenotyetfundamentallysolvedanumberofissuesthatthemassesfeelstronglyabout,namelythelackofhigh-qualityeducationalandmedicalresources,andtheirunevendistribution;increasingupwardpressureonprices,andexorbitanthousingpriceincreasesinsomecities;increasingsocialproblemsresultingfromillegallandexpropriationsandhousingdemolitions;significantproblemsconcerningfoodsafety;andrampantcorruptioninsomeareas.Wemustthereforehaveastrongsenseofresponsibilitytowardthecountryandthepeopleandworktirelesslyandpainstakinglytosolvetheseproblemsmorequicklytothesatisfactionofthepeople.回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作,我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。Lookingbackatthegovernment'sworkduringtheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiod,wehavedeepenedourunderstandingandawarenessinseveralareas.一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战,靠的是发展;各领域取得的一切成就和进步,靠的是发展;解决前进道路上的困难和问题,仍然要靠发展。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,必须坚持以经济建设为中心,坚持科学发展。要以人为本,把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,坚定不移走共同富裕道路,使发展成果惠及全体人民;坚持统筹兼顾,促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展;加快转变经济发展方式,大力推进自主创新,节约资源和保护环境,使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调,提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。//First,wemuststeadfastlyundertakescientificdevelopment.Wehavereliedondevelopmenttoovercomealltypesofseverechallenges,andallourachievementsandprogressineveryareacomefromdevelopment.Wemustthereforecontinuetorelyondevelopmenttoresolvethedifficultiesandproblemsontheroadahead.Chinaisstillintheprimarystageofsocialismandwillremainsoforalongtimeto
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come,sowemustcontinuetotakeeconomicdevelopmentasourcentraltaskandpursuescientificdevelopment.Weneedtoputpeoplefirst,makeensuringandimprovingtheirwellbeingthestartingpointandgoalofallourwork,unwaveringlyworkforprosperityforallandensurethateveryonesharesinthefruitsofdevelopment.Weneedtosteadfastlytakeallfactorsintoconsideration,andcoordinateurbanandruraldevelopment,regionaldevelopment,andeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Weneedtoacceleratethetransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopment;stronglypromoteinnovation;conserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment;ensurethateconomicandsocialdevelopmentiscoordinatedwithourpopulation,resourcesandenvironment;andmakedevelopmentmorecomprehensive,balancedandsustainable.二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制,有效的宏观调控,都是社会主义市场经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多一些还是政府作用多一些,必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中,我们加强和改善宏观调控,及时纠正市场扭曲,弥补市场失灵,防止经济出现大的起落,实践证明是完全正确的。我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用,激发经济的内在活力,同时,科学运用宏观调控手段,促进经济长期平稳较快发展。//Second,wemustcontinuetocloselyintegrategovernmentcontrolwithmarketforces.Soundmarketforcesandeffectivemacro-controlarebothindispensablepartsofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Wemustbeguidedbyrealitiesindecidingwhenmarketforcesaretoplaythegreaterroleandwhengovernmentcontrolistoplaythegreaterrole.Inrespondingtotheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,wetightenedandimprovedmacro-control,quicklycorrectedmarketdistortions,remediedmarketfailuresandpreventedseriouseconomicfluctuations.Allthemeasureswetookhaveproventobeentirelycorrect.Wemustconstantlyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy,andmakefulluseofthebasicroleofthemarketinallocatingresourcestostimulatetheinternalvitalityoftheeconomywhileusingmacro-controltoolsscientificallytopromotelong-term,steadyandrapideconomicdevelopment.三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下,我国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密,互动和依存不断增强。必须树立世界眼光,加强战略思维,善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇,稳妥应对风险挑战,利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源,统筹处理好国内发展与对外开放关系,真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。Third,wemustconsidertheoveralldomesticandinternationalsituations.AseconomicglobalizationintensifiesandChina'sopeningupconstantlydeepens,oureconomyisbecominglinkedevermorecloselytotheworldeconomyandthetwoareconstantlyinteractingandbecomingmoreinterdependent.Wemustadoptaglobalperspective,strengthenourstrategicthinking,beproficientatrecognizingdevelopmentopportunitiespresentedbychangesintheinternationalsituation,respondprudentlytorisksandchallenges,makegooduseofbothdomesticandinternationalmarketsandresources,correctlybalancedomesticdevelopmentandourdegreeofopennesstotheoutsideworld,andtrulytakeintoconsiderationbothdomesticandexternaldemandtoachievebalanceddevelopment.四是必须坚持把改革开放作为经济社会发展的根本动力。改革开放是实现国家强盛、人
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民幸福的必由之路,必须贯穿社会主义现代化建设全过程。我们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革,提高改革决策的科学性,增强改革措施的协调性,全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新,从根本上破除体制机制障碍,最大限度解放和发展生产力,促进社会公平正义。要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点,把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来,以改革促进和谐稳定,确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。//Fourth,wemuststeadfastlyusereformandopeninguptoprovidethebasicdrivingforceforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Theonlywaytomakethecountrystrongandprosperousandtoensurethepeople'shappinessisthroughreformandopeningup,andwemustimplementthemthroughoutthecourseofsocialistmodernization.Weneedtobemoreresoluteandcourageousincarryingoutreform,andmakereformdecisionsmorescientificandreformmeasuresbettercoordinated.Weneedtocomprehensivelycarryouteconomic,political,culturalandsocialreformsandinnovations;eradicateobstaclesembeddedinsystemsandmechanisms;fullyliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces;andpromotesocialfairnessandjustice.Wemustmakeimprovingthepeople'slivesapivotlinkingreform,developmentandstability;considertheintensityofreformsandthespeedofdevelopmentinlightoftheabilityofsocietytoacceptchanges;promoteharmonyandstabilitythroughreform;andmakesurethatpeoplearecontentwiththeirlivesandjobs,societyistranquilandorderly,andthecountryenjoyslong-termpeaceandstability.二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务II.MainObjectivesandTasksfortheTwelfthFive-YearPlanPeriod根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》,我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要(草案),提交大会审议。》WehavedrawnuptheTwelfthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment(draft)inaccordancewiththeProposaloftheCPCCentralCommitteeforFormulatingtheTwelfthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentandsubmittedittoyouforyourdeliberationandapproval.“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期,是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看,世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展,和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深远,世界经济结构加快调整,全球经济治理机制深刻变革,科技创新和产业转型孕育突破,发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。从国内看,我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改变,工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展,市场需求潜力巨大,资金供给充裕,科技和教育水平整体提升,劳动力素质提高,基础设施日益完善,政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强,社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势,我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。//TheTwelfthFive-YearPlanperiodiscrucialforbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsandfordeepeningreformandopeningupandspeedingupthetransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopment.Fromaninternationalperspective,worldmultipolarizationandeconomicglobalizationaredeepening,andpeace,developmentandcooperationremainthecurrentofthetimes.Theglobalfinancialcrisisishavingfar-reachingeffects;worldeconomicrestructuringisaccelerating;profoundchangesaretakingplaceinglobaleconomic
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governance;breakthroughsinscientificandtechnologicalinnovationandindustrialtransformationareonthehorizon,andtheoverallstrengthofdevelopingcountries,especiallyemergingmarketeconomies,isincreasing.Fromadomesticperspective,factorsfavoringChina'sdevelopmentandthepositivelong-termdevelopmenttrendhavenotchanged.Industrialization,informationization,urbanization,marketizationandinternationalizationareallintensifying;thereishugepotentialdemandinthemarket;thesupplyoffundsisample;theoverallscientificandeducationallevelofthepeopleisrising;thequalityoftheworkforceisimproving;infrastructureisgettingbetterbytheday;thegovernment'sabilitytoexercisemacro-controlandrespondtomajorchallengeshasincreasedsignificantly;andsocietyremainsstableoverall.Lookingattheoverallinternationalanddomesticsituations,wehaveconcludedthatChina'sdevelopmentisstillinanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunities.我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,适应国内外形势新变化,顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待,以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,深化改革开放,保障和改善民生,巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果,促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定,为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。WemustholdhighthegreatbannerofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,takeDengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthoughtofThreeRepresentsasourguide,thoroughlyapplytheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,adapttothelatestchangesinthedomesticandinternationalsituations,andsatisfythenewexpectationsofthepeopleofallethnicgroupsforabetterlife.Takingscientificdevelopmentasthethemeandacceleratingtransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopmentasthemainthread,weneedtodeepenreformandopeningup;ensureandimprovethepeople'swellbeing;consolidateandexpanduponthesuccessofoureffortstorespondtotheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis;promotelong-term,steadyandrapideconomicdevelopmentandsocialharmonyandstability;andlayasolidfoundationforbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.——我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年,我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算,2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。要继续加强和改善宏观调控,保持价格总水平基本稳定,把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来,坚持实施扩大内需战略,充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力,加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。//-Wewillpropeleconomicdevelopmenttoanewlevel.Wehavesetatargetof7%annualincreaseintheeconomyoverthenextfiveyearswithsignificantimprovementinthequalityandperformanceofeconomicgrowth.Basedon2010prices,thecountry'sGDPin2015shouldexceed55trillionyuan.Wewillcontinuetostrengthenandimprovemacro-control;keeptheoveralllevelofpricesbasicallystable;integrateshort-termcontrolpolicieswithlong-termdevelopmentpolicies;adheretothestrategyofexpandingdomesticdemand;fullytapthehugepotentialofdomesticdemand;andmorequicklygeteconomicgrowthtobedrivenbyabalancedmixofconsumerspending,investmentandexports.——我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路,
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推动信息化和工业化深度融合,改造提升制造业,培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业,服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。积极稳妥推进城镇化,城镇化率从47.5%提高到51.5%,完善城市化布局和形态,不断提升城镇化的质量和水平。继续加强基础设施建设,进一步夯实经济社会发展基础。大力发展现代农业,加快社会主义新农村建设。深入实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区战略,逐步实现基本公共服务均等化。促进城乡、区域良性互动,一二三产业协调发展。//-Wewillacceleratethetransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopmentandeconomicrestructuring.WewilladheretothenewpathofindustrializationwithChinesecharacteristics,strivetofullyintegrateinformationizationwithindustrialization,upgradethemanufacturingindustry,andfosteranddevelopstrategicemergingindustries.Wewillacceleratethedevelopmentoftheservicesectorandraiseitsvalue-addedcontributiontoGDPby4percentagepoints.Wewillactivelyyetprudentlycarryouturbanization,increaseitslevelfrom47.5%to51.5%,improveitspatternandforms,andconstantlyworktoraiseitsquality.Wewillcontinuetostrengtheninfrastructure,andfurtherstrengthenthefoundationforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Wewillworkhardtodevelopmodernagricultureandacceleratethedevelopmentofanewsocialistcountryside.Wewillthoroughlyimplementthemasterstrategyforregionaldevelopmentandthestrategyofdevelopmentpriorityzones,andgraduallyachieveequalityofbasicpublicservices.Wewillpromotepositiveinteractionbetweenurbanandruralareasandamongregions,andthebalanceddevelopmentofprimary,secondaryandtertiaryindustries.——我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育,稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针,完善科技创新体系和支持政策,着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%,促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要,加强人才培养,努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设,推动文化改革发展实现新跨越,满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。大力发展体育事业。进一步深化医药卫生体制改革,健全基本医疗卫生制度,加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。创新社会管理体制机制,加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设,确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。//-Wewillworkhardtodevelopsocialundertakings.Wewillcontinuetogivetopprioritytoeducation,andsteadilyraisetheeducationallevelofthepeople.Wewilladheretotheprincipleofmakinginnovationsandleapfrogadvancesinkeyareassupportingdevelopmentandcreatingabetterfuture;improvethesystemofandsupportpoliciesforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation;andstrivetomakemajorscientificandtechnologicalbreakthroughs.WewillincreasespendingonR&Dto2.2%ofGDPandpromotetheconversionofadvancesinscienceandtechnologyintoactualproductiveforces.Inordertomeetthedemandsofmodernization,wewillstrengthenpersonneltrainingandstrivetodevelopalargenumberofhigh-caliberpersonnel.Wewillvigorouslystrengthenculturaldevelopmentandmakeanothergreatstrideforwardinthereformanddevelopmentofcultureinordertomeettheever-growingintellectualandculturaldemandsofthepeople.Wewillworkhardtodevelopsports.Wewillfurtherdeepenreformofthepharmaceuticalandhealthcaresystems,improvethebasicmedicalandhealthcaresystems,andmorequicklyreachthegoalofmakingbasicmedicalandhealthservicesavailabletoallcitizens.We
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willmakeinnovationsinsocialadministrationsystemsandmechanisms,improvethelegalandinstitutionalbasesandthecapacityofsocialadministration,andensuresocietyisfullofvitality,harmoniousandstable.——我们要扎实推进资源节约和环境保护。积极应对气候变化。加强资源节约和管理,提高资源保障能力,加大耕地保护、环境保护力度,加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设,全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%,单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%,主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%,森林蓄积量增加6亿立方米,森林覆盖率达到21.66%。切实加强水利基础设施建设,推进大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理,明显提高基本农田灌溉、水资源有效利用水平和防洪能力。//-Wewilleffectivelyconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.Wewillactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.Wewillstrengthenresourceconservationandmanagement,becomebetterabletoensureadequatesuppliesofresources,intensifytheprotectionoffarmlandandtheenvironment,strengthenecologicaldevelopmentandsystemstopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters,andcomprehensivelybuildourcapacityforsustainabledevelopment.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionshouldreach11.4%;energyconsumptionandCO2emissionsperunitofGDPshouldbereducedby16%and17%respectively;thereleaseofmajorpollutantsshouldbereducedby8%to10%;foreststockshouldbeincreasedby600millionm3;andforestcovershouldbeincreasedto21.66%.Wewillsubstantiallyimprovewaterconservancyfacilities;makeprogressinbettercontrollingimportanttributariesoflargeriversaswellaslakesandsmallandmedium-sizedrivers;andsignificantlyimproveagriculturalirrigation,theefficiencyofwaterresourcesuseandresistancetoflooding.——我们要全面改善人民生活。坚持把增加就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标,为全体劳动者创造公平的就业机会,五年城镇新增就业4500万人。坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步,逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长超过7%。提高扶贫标准,减少贫困人口。加快完善社会保障制度,进一步提高保障水平。城乡基本养老、基本医疗保障制度实现全覆盖,提高并稳定城乡三项基本医疗保险参保率,政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上,全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策,逐步完善政策,促进人口长期均衡发展,人均预期寿命提高1岁,达到74.5岁。//-Wewillcomprehensivelyimprovethepeople'swellbeing.Wewillmakeincreasingemploymenttheforemostobjectiveofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,createequitablejobopportunitiesfortheentireworkforce,andcreateanextra45millionurbanjobsoverthenextfiveyears.Wewillupholdandimprovethedistributionsystemwherebydistributionaccordingtoworkisdominantandmultipleformsofdistributionexistsidebyside,strivetocoordinateincreasesinpeople'sincomeswitheconomicdevelopmentandincreasesinworkers'paywithimprovementsinlaborproductivity,graduallyraisetheproportionofnationalincomedistributedtoindividuals,increasetheproportionofwagesintheprimarydistributionofincome,andquicklymakethepatternofincomedistributionmorereasonable.The
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percapitadisposableincomeofurbanresidentsandthepercapitanetincomeofruralresidentswillrisebyanannualaverageofover7%inrealterms.Wewillraisethepovertylineandreducethenumberofpeoplelivinginpoverty.Wewillmorequicklyimprovethesocialsecuritysystem,andcontinuetoraisesocialsecuritybenefits.Thebasicpensioninsuranceandbasicmedicalinsurancesystemswillcoverallurbanandruralresidents.Participationinthebasicmedicalinsurancesystemforworkingandnon-workingurbanresidentsandthenewruralcooperativemedicalcaresystemwillincreaseandstabilize,andwewillincreasetheproportionofexpensesformedicaltreatmentpaidoutofthemedicalinsurancefundtoover70%inaccordancewithrelevantpolicies.Low-incomehousingwillbemadeavailabletoaround20%ofthecountry'surbanhouseholds.Wewilladheretothebasicstatepolicyonfamilyplanningandprogressivelyimproveit.Wewillpromotebalancedpopulationgrowthinthelongtermandraisetheaveragelifeexpectancybyoneyearto74.5years.——我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划,大力推进经济体制改革,积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革,加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革,不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,扩大社会主义民主,完善社会主义法制,使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化,为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度,营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革,积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制,构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革,建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略,培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势,进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。//-Wewillcomprehensivelydeepenreformandopeningup.Wewillpaygreaterattentiontothetop-leveldesignandoverallplanningofreform,vigorouslypressaheadwitheconomicrestructuring,activelyyetprudentlyadvancepoliticalrestructuring,acceleratereformoftheculturalandsocialmanagementsystems,constantlyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy,expandsocialistdemocracy,improvethesocialistlegalsystem,makethesuperstructuremoreresponsivetothedevelopmentofandchangesintheeconomicbase,andprovidestrongassurancesforscientificdevelopment.Wewillupholdandimprovethebasiceconomicsystem,andcreateaninstitutionalenvironmentunderwhicheconomicentitiesunderallformsofownershipusefactorsofproductionequallyinaccordancewiththelaw,engageinfaircompetitioninthemarket,andenjoyequallegalprotection.Wewillacceleratethereformofthefiscal,taxation,andfinancialsystems;makefiscalandtaxationsystemsconducivetotransformingthepatternofeconomicdevelopment;anddevelopafinancialsystemthatiscomprisedofdiverseorganizations,providesefficientservice,exercisesprudentoversight,andkeepsriskswithinbounds.Wewilldeepenreformofthepricesforresourceproductsandenvironmentalprotectioncharges,anddevelopasound,flexiblemechanismforsettingpricesforresourceproductscapableofreflectingsupplyanddemandinthemarket,resourcescarcity,andthecostofenvironmentaldamage.Wewillimplementamorepositiveopeningupstrategy,cultivatenewadvantagesbeneficialtoourparticipationininternationalcooperationandcompetition,andbringaboutanewphaseofopeningupthat
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emphasizesmutualbenefit.——我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的,必须对人民负责,为人民谋利益,接受人民监督;必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务,管理经济和文化事业;必须坚持依法治国基本方略,加强维护群众利益的法制建设,推进依法行政;必须实行科学、民主决策,建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制,确保权力正确行使;必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况,坚决惩治和预防腐败;必须保障人民的民主权利和合法权益,维护社会公平正义。-Wewillconstantlystrengthenthegovernment'sinternalreformsandself-improvement.Allthegovernment'spowerisentrustedbythepeople,andthegovernmentmustthereforeberesponsibleforthepeople,worktobenefitthem,andaccepttheiroversight.Wemustmobilizeandorganizeasmanypeopleaspossibletomanagestateandsocialaffairsaswellaseconomicandculturalundertakingsinaccordancewiththelaw.Wemustupholdtheruleoflawasabasicstrategy,strengthenthelegalsystemtosafeguardthepeople'sinterests,andcarryoutadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw.Wemustmakedecisionsscientificallyanddemocratically;establishasoundoperationalmechanismfordecisionmaking,enforcementandoversighttocheckeachotherandfunctioninconcert;andensurethatpowerisexercisedproperly.Wemustmakeinstitutionalchangestoendtheexcessiveconcentrationofpowerandlackofchecksonpower,andresolutelypreventandpunishcorruption.Wemustsafeguardthepeople'sdemocraticrightsandlegitimaterightsandinterests,andsafeguardsocialfairnessandjustice.总之,经过未来五年努力,实现“十二五”规划的各项目标,我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升,人民生活就会有更大的改善,国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。//Inshort,byachievingallthetargetssetforthintheTwelfthFive-YearPlanthroughhardworkinthecomingfiveyears,China'soverallstrengthwillfurtherincrease,peoplewilllivebetterlives,andourcountrywillundergomoreprofoundchanges.三、2011年的工作III.Workfor20112011年,是“十二五”开局之年,做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年,我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%,居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%,城镇新增就业1168万人,国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。Theyear2011isthefirstyearoftheTwelfthFive-YearPlanperiod,anditispivotalforustodoagoodjobthisyearinordertoaccomplishallthetasksandobjectivessetforthintheplan.Lastyear,weachievedsignificantresultsinallourwork.GDProseby10.3%;theincreaseintheCPIwasheldincheckat3.3%;11.68millionnewurbanjobswerecreated;andthebalanceofpaymentssituationimproved.Allofthislaidagoodfoundationforourworkthisyear.今年,我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏,但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体经济增长乏力,失业率居高难下,一些国家主权债务危机隐患仍未消除,主要发达经济体进一步推行宽松货币政策,全球流动性大量增加,国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率加剧波动,新兴市场资产泡沫和通胀压力加大,保护主义继续升温,国际市场竞争更加激烈,不稳定不确定因素仍然较多。我国经济运行中一些长期问题和短期问题相互交织,
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体制性矛盾和结构性问题叠加在一起,加大了宏观调控难度。我们要准确判断形势,保持清醒头脑,增强忧患意识,做好应对风险的准备。Thisyear,ourcountrystillfacesanextremelycomplexsituationfordevelopment.Theworldeconomywillcontinuetorecoverslowly,butthefoundationforrecoveryisnotsolid.Economicgrowthindevelopedeconomiesisweak,theirunemploymentratesareandwillremainhigh,andsomecountriesarestillunderthethreatoftheirsovereigndebtcrises.Majordevelopedeconomieshavefurthereasedmonetarypolicies,globalliquidityhasincreasedgreatly,thepricesofmajorcommoditiesandtheexchangeratesofmajorcurrencieshavebecomemorevolatileintheinternationalmarket,assetbubblesandinflationarypressurehavegrowninemergingmarkets,protectionismcontinuestoheatup,competitionintheinternationalmarketisbecomingmoreintense,andtherearestillmanyunstableanduncertainfactors.Somelong-termandshort-termproblemsinourcountry'seconomicactivitiesareintertwined,andinstitutionalincongruitiesandstructuralproblemsarestackeduptogether,makingourmacro-controlmoredifficult.Weneedtocorrectlyjudgethesituation,keepourheadsclear,bemoremindfulofpotentialdangers,andbepreparedtorespondtorisks.今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是:国内生产总值增长8%左右;经济结构进一步优化;居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4%左右;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;国际收支状况继续改善。总的考虑是,为转变经济发展方式创造良好环境,引导各方面把工作着力点放在加快经济结构调整、提高发展质量和效益上,放在增加就业、改善民生、促进社会和谐上。Themajortargetsforthisyear'snationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentareasfollows:toincreaseGDPbyaround8%,furtheroptimizetheeconomicstructure,keeptheCPIincreasearound4%,createmorethanninemillionnewurbanjobs,keeptheregisteredurbanunemploymentrateat4.6%orlower,andcontinuetoimprovethebalanceofpaymentssituation.Ourmainpurposeistocreateagoodenvironmentfortransformingthepatternofeconomicdevelopment,andtoguideallsectorstofocustheirworkonacceleratingeconomicrestructuringandraisingthequalityandresultsofdevelopmentaswellasonincreasingemployment,improvingthepeople'swellbeingandpromotingsocialharmony.实现上述目标,要保持宏观经济政策的连续性、稳定性,提高针对性、灵活性、有效性,处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系,更加注重稳定物价总水平,防止经济出现大的波动。Toachievetheabovetargets,weneedtomaintaincontinuityandstabilityinourmacroeconomicpolicies;makethemmoretargeted,flexibleandeffective;correctlystrikeabalancebetweenmaintainingsteadyyetrapideconomicdevelopment,restructuringtheeconomyandmanaginginflationexpectations;paymoreattentiontomaintainingoverallpricestability;andpreventlargeeconomicfluctuations.继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适当的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字9000亿元,其中中央财政赤字7000亿元,继续代地方发债2000亿元并纳入地方预算,赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元,赤字率下降到2%左右。要着力优化财政支出结构,“三农”增加、欠发达地区、民生、社会事业、结构调整、科技创新等重点支出;压缩一般性支出,严格控制党政机关办公楼等楼堂馆所建设,出国(境)经费、车辆购置及运行费、公务接待费等支
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出原则上零增长,切实降低行政成本。继续实行结构性减税。依法加强税收征管。对地方政府性债务进行全面审计,实施全口径监管,研究建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制。Wewillcontinuetoimplementaproactivefiscalpolicy.Wewillkeepthedeficitandgovernmentbondsatappropriatelevels.Thisyear,weareprojectingadeficitof900billionyuan,whichconsistsofa700billionyuancentralgovernmentdeficitand200billionyuaninlocalgovernmentbonds,whichwillbeincludedinlocalgovernmentbudgets.Thisdeficitis150billionyuanlessthanbudgetedlastyear,andthedeficitwilldecreasetoaround2%ofGDP.Weneedtofocusonoptimizingthestructureofexpenditures.Weneedtoincreaseexpendituresinkeyareas,suchasagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmers;underdevelopedareas;thepeoplewellbeing;socialprograms;restructuring;andscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Weneedtodecreaseordinaryexpenditures;strictlycontrolexpendituresofPartyandgovernmentbodiesonofficebuildingsandotherfacilities;keepthebudgetsfortravelabroad,thepurchaseandoperatingcostsofmotorvehicles,andofficialentertainmentattheirpresentlevelinprinciplewithoutanyincrease;andgenuinelydecreaseadministrativecosts.Wewillcontinuetoimplementstructuraltaxreductions.Wewillstrengthentaxcollectionandadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw.Wewillcomprehensivelyauditlocalgovernmentdebt,carryoutcompleteoversightandcontrol,andestablishastandardizedfinancingmechanismforlocalgovernmentstoborrowmoney.实施稳健的货币政策。保持合理的社会融资规模,广义货币增长目标为16%。健全宏观审慎政策框架,综合运用价格和数量工具,提高货币政策有效性。提高直接融资比重,发挥好股票、债券、产业基金等融资工具的作用,更好地满足多样化投融资需求。着力优化信贷结构,引导商业银行加大对重点领域和薄弱环节的信贷支持,严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业贷款。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。密切监控跨境资本流动,防范“热钱”流入。加强储备资产的投资和风险管理,提高投资收益。Wewillimplementaprudentmonetarypolicy.Wewillkeepfinancingfromallsourcesatanappropriatelevel,andwehavesetatargetofa16%increaseinthebroadmoneysupply(M2).Wewillimproveourpolicyframeworkforcomprehensivelyexercisingcautionandutilizethetoolsofpricesandquantityinanintegratedmannertomakeourmonetarypolicymoreeffective.Wewillincreasetheproportionofdirectfinancing,andmakefulluseoffinancingtoolssuchasstocks,bondsandprivateequitiestobettersatisfythediversedemandsforinvestmentandfinancing.Wewillstrivetooptimizethecreditstructure,guidecommercialbankstoincreasecreditsupporttokeyareasandweaklinks,andstrictlycontrolloanstoindustriesthatconsumelargequantitiesofenergyandresources,arehighlypollutingorhaveexcesscapacity.WewillfurtherimprovethemechanismforsettingRMBexchangerates.Wewillcloselymonitorandcontrolcross-bordercapitalflowsandpreventtheinfluxofhotmoney.Wewillstrengtheninvestmentmanagementandriskmanagementoverourforeignexchangereservesandincreasethereturnsonourinvestments.今年,重点要做好以下几方面工作。Thisyear,ourfocusisondoingthefollowingworkwell.(一)保持物价总水平基本稳定Keepingoverallpricelevelsbasicallystable
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当前,物价上涨较快,通胀预期增强,这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务,充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件,努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响,消化要素成本上涨压力,正确引导市场预期,坚决抑制价格上涨势头。要以经济和法律手段为主,辅之以必要的行政手段,全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性,控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。二是大力发展生产,保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。三是加强农产品流通体系建设,积极开展“农超对接”,畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度,把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机,搞好进出口调节,增强市场调控能力。四是加强价格监管,维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法,严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。五是完善补贴制度,建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制,绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。Recently,priceshaverisenfairlyquicklyandinflationexpectationshaveincreased.Thisproblemconcernsthepeople'swellbeing,bearsonoverallinterestsandaffectssocialstability.Wemustthereforemakeitourtoppriorityinmacroeconomiccontroltokeepoverallpricelevelsstable.Weneedtomakethemostoffavorableconditions,suchasanamplesupplyofmanufacturedgoodsandourabundantgrainreservesandconsiderableforeignexchangereserves,endeavortoovercometheadverseeffectsofimportedandstructuralinflation,cushiontheupwardpressureforcostsoffactorsofproduction,andcorrectlyguidemarketexpectationstoresolutelycurbpricerises.Weneedtocomprehensivelystrengthenourworkcontrollingandmonitoringpricesmainlythrougheconomicandlegalmethodssupplementedbyadministrativemeanswhennecessary.First,wewilleffectivelymanagemarketliquidityandcontrolthemonetaryconditionsforcommoditypricesrisingtoorapidly.Wewilldecidepropertiming,frequencyandintensityofpriceadjustmentsforgoodsandserviceswhosepricesareregulatedbythegovernment.Second,wewillvigorouslydevelopproductionandensuretheproductionandsupplyofmajorfarmproducts,dailynecessitiesandimportantmeansofproduction.Wewilleffectivelyimplementthesystemofprovincialgovernorstakingresponsibilityforthe"ricebag"(grainsupply)programandcitymayorstakingresponsibilityforthe"vegetablebasket"(non-grainfoodsupply)program.Third,wewilldevelopthedistributionsystemforfarmproducts,activelyencouragefarmersandstorestolinkup,andguaranteetheunimpededtransportoffreshfarmproductsthrough"greenchannels,"wherevehiclescarryingsuchgoodsareexemptfrompayingroadtolls.Wewillimprovethereservesystemforimportantgoodsandthesystemfortemporarilypurchasingandstockpilingmajorfarmproducts,seizetheopportunemomentforthestatetomanipulatereserves,adjustimportsandexports,andstrengthenourabilitytocontrolthemarket.Fourth,wewillstrengthenoversightandsupervisionofpricesandmaintainmarketorder.Weparticularlyneedtostrengthenlawenforcementconcerningpricing,andstrictlyinvestigateanddealwithillegalbehaviorsuchasdrivinguppricesthroughpricecollusionormarketspeculation.Fifth,wewillimprovethesystemofsubsidiesandinstituteasoundmechanismtoraisesocialassistanceandsocialsecuritybenefitswhencommoditypricesrise.Wecannotallow
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pricerisestoaffectthenormallivesoflow-incomepeople.(二)进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求Furtherexpandingdomesticdemand,especiallyconsumerdemand扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点,也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。Expandingdomesticdemandisalong-termstrategicprincipleandbasicstandpointofChina'seconomicdevelopmentaswellasafundamentalmeansandaninternalrequirementforpromotingbalancedeconomicdevelopment.积极扩大消费需求。继续增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出,增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送,优化城镇商业网点布局,积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。大力整顿和规范市场秩序,切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。Wewillactivelyboostconsumerdemand.Wewillcontinuetoincreasegovernmentspendingusedtohelpexpandconsumption,andincreasesubsidiestolow-incomeurbanresidentsandfarmers.Wewillcontinuetoimplementthepoliciesofprovidingsubsidiesforruralresidentstopurchasehomeappliancesandsubsidiesfortrading-inoldhomeappliancesfornewones.Wewillstrengthentheinfrastructureforthedistributionofgoods,cultureandsports,travel,andbroadbandinruralareasandsmallandmedium-sizedcities.Wewillvigorouslypromoteconsumptionintheareasofculture,travelandold-agecare.Wewillpromotechain-storeoperationsandunifieddistributioninruralareas,optimizethedistributionofurbancommercialoutlets,anddevelopnewservicessuchase-commerce,onlineshoppingandtheGeographicInformationSystem.Wewillenergeticallyoverhaulandstandardizethemarket,andearnestlyprotectconsumers'rightsandinterests.Wewillintensifyoureffortstocrackdownonviolationsofintellectualpropertyrightsandthemanufactureandsaleofcounterfeitorsubstandardgoods.大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条,抓紧制定公开透明的市场准入标准和支持政策,切实放宽市场准入,真正破除各种有形和无形的壁垒,鼓励和引导民间资本进入基础产业和基础设施、市政公用事业、社会事业、金融服务等领域,推动民营企业加强自主创新和转型升级,鼓励和引导民间资本重组联合和参与国有企业改革,加强对民间投资的服务、指导和规范管理,促进社会投资稳定增长和结构优化。充分发挥政府投资对结构调整的引导作用,优先保证重点在建、续建项目的资金需求,有序启动“十二五”规划重大项目建设。防止盲目投资和重复建设。严格执行投资项目用地、节能、环保、安全等准入标准,提高投资质量和效益。Wewillstrivetoimprovetheinvestmentstructure.WewillearnestlyimplementtheStateCouncil's36newguidelinesforencouragingandguidingnongovernmentalinvestment;workquicklytoformulateopenandtransparentstandardsandsupportingpoliciesonmarketaccess;effectivelyrelaxrestrictionsonmarketaccess;genuinelyeliminateallvisibleandinvisiblebarriers;encourageandguidenongovernmentalinvestmentinareassuchasbasicindustries,infrastructure,municipalpublicutilities,socialprograms,andfinancialservices;prodprivatelyrunenterprisestostrengthentheirinnovation,transformationandupgrading;
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encourageandguidethereorganizationandmergersofnongovernmentalcapitalanditsinvolvementinSOEreform;strengthenservicesandguidanceforandstandardizedsupervisionofnongovernmentalinvestment;andpromoteitsstablegrowthandstructuraloptimization.Wewillgetgovernmentinvestmenttoplaytheleadingroleinrestructuring,giveprioritytoensuringfundingforkeyprojectsthatareunderconstructionorexpansion,andbeginconstructiononthemajorprojectsintheTwelfthFive-YearPlaninanorderlymanner.Wewillpreventhaphazardinvestmentandredundantconstruction.Wewillstrictlyenforceinvestmentprojectapprovalstandardsonlanduse,energyconservation,environmentalprotectionandsafety,andimprovethequalityandbenefitsofinvestment.(三)巩固和加强农业基础地位Consolidatingandstrengtheningthepositionofagricultureasthefoundationoftheeconomy坚持把“三农”工作放在重中之重,在工业化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化,巩固和发展农业农村好形势。Wewillsteadfastlymakeagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmersthetoppriorityofthegovernment'swork;carryoutagriculturalmodernizationwhiledeepeningindustrializationandurbanization;andconsolidateandbuilduponthefavorablesituationinagricultureandruralareas.确保农产品供给,多渠道增加农民收入。要把保障粮食安全作为首要目标,毫不放松地抓好农业生产。稳定粮食种植面积,支持优势产区生产棉花、油料、糖料等大宗产品。大力发展畜牧业、渔业、林业。切实抓好新一轮“菜篮子”工程建设,大中城市郊区要有基本的菜地面积和生鲜食品供给能力。强化农业科技支撑,发展壮大农作物种业,大规模开展高产创建。继续实施粮食最低收购价政策,今年小麦最低收购价每50公斤提高5到7元,水稻最低收购价每50公斤提高9到23元。大力发展农村非农产业,壮大县域经济,提高农民职业技能和创业、创收能力,促进农民就地就近转移就业。提高扶贫标准,加大扶贫开发力度。Wewillensureanadequatesupplyofagriculturalproductsandincreasefarmers'incomesthroughmultiplechannels.Wewillmakesafeguardingfoodsecurityourprimarygoal,andworktirelesslytoincreaseagriculturalproduction.Wewillkeeptheareaplantedingraincropsstable,andsupportthegrowingofcotton,oilseedandsugarcropsinthemostsuitableareas.Wewillenergeticallydeveloptheanimalhusbandry,fishery,andforestrysectors.Wewilleffectivelycarryoutthenewroundofthe"vegetablebasket"programandensurethatsuburbsoflargeandmedium-sizedcitieshaveabasicareaforgrowingvegetablesandabasicabilitytosupplyfreshproduceforurbanresidents.Wewillgetscienceandtechnologytobettersupportagriculture,developandexpandthecropseedindustry,andlaunchlarge-scaleeffortstoincreaseagriculturalproduction.Wewillcontinuetoimplementthepolicyofminimumgrainpurchaseprices,raisethefloorpriceforwheatby5to7yuanper50kgandincreasethefloorpriceforriceby9to23yuanper50kgthisyear.Wewillenergeticallydevelopnonagriculturalindustriesinruralareas,strengthencountyeconomies,improvefarmers'vocationalskillsandtheirabilitytostarttheirownbusinessesandincreasetheirincomes,andencouragethemtofindnonagriculturalemploymentintheirhometownsornearbyareas.Wewillraisethepovertyline,andintensifyoureffortstoalleviatepovertythroughdevelopment.
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大兴水利,全面加强农业农村基础设施建设。重点加强农田水利建设、中小河流治理、小型水库和病险水闸除险加固以及山洪地质灾害防治。完善排灌设施,发展节水灌溉,加固河流堤岸,搞好清淤疏浚,消除水库隐患,扩大防洪库容。通过几年努力,全面提高防汛抗旱、防灾减灾能力。大力推进农村土地开发整理,大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田,加快全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。加强农村水电路气房建设,大力改善农村生产生活条件,努力为农民建设美好家园。Wewillputgreateffortintowaterconservancy,andcomprehensivelystrengthenagriculturalandruralinfrastructure.Wewillfocusondevelopingmoreirrigationandwaterconservancyprojects,harnessingsmallandmedium-sizedrivers,reinforcingsmallreservoirsandfaultyanddangeroussluices,andpreventingandrespondingtogeologicaldisastersfrommountaintorrents.Wewillimproveirrigationanddrainagefacilities,developwater-savingirrigation,reinforceriverembankments,clearawaysiltanddredgewaterways,eliminatehiddendangersinreservoirs,andincreasetheirstoragecapacitytopreventfloods.Throughseveralyearsofhardwork,wewillcomprehensivelyimproveourabilitytopreventfloods,controldroughts,andpreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters.Wewillvigorouslydevelopandimproveruralland,developarablelandthatmeetshighdroughtandfloodresistancestandardsonalargescale,andaccelerateourworktoincreasethecountry'sgrainproductioncapacityby50milliontons.Wewillintensifyworkonprojectstoproviderunningwaterandelectricitytoruralhomes,buildandimproveroads,exploitmethaneandconstructruralhousing,andenergeticallyimproveruralworkingandlivingconditions,sothatfarmerscanliveinaniceenvironment.加大“三农”投入,完善强农惠农政策。财政支出重点向农业农村倾斜,确保用于农业农村的总量、增量均有提高;预算内固定资产投资重点用于农业农村基础设施建设,确保总量和比重进一步提高;土地出让收益重点投向农业土地开发、农田水利和农村基础设施建设,确保足额提取、定向使用。今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排9884.5亿元,比上年增加1304.8亿元。继续增加对农民的生产补贴,新增补贴重点向主产区、重点品种、专业大户、农民专业合作组织倾斜。增加中央财政对粮食、油料、生猪调出大县的一般性转移支付,扩大奖励补助规模和范围。引导金融机构增加涉农信贷投放,确保涉农贷款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融对“三农”的支持力度。健全政策性农业保险制度,建立农业再保险和巨灾风险分散机制。Wewillincreasefundingforagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmersandimproveourpoliciestostrengthenagricultureandbenefitfarmers.Wewilldirectmoregovernmentspendingtowardagricultureandruralareas,andensurethattotalexpendituresandspendingincreasesinthisareaarebothhigherthanlastyear.Ourbudgetaryfixedassetinvestmentwillbeusedmainlytodevelopagriculturalandruralinfrastructure,andwewillensurethatboththeproportionandthetotalamountofinvestmentfurtherincrease.Proceedsfromthetransferofland-userightswillbespentprimarilyondevelopingagriculturalland,irrigationandwaterconservancy,andconstructingruralinfrastructure,andwewillensurethatanadequateamountoffundsisdrawnfromtheseproceedsandusedforthosepurposes.Thisyear'sallocationforagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmersfromthecentralgovernmentbudgetwillbe988.45billionyuan,anincreaseof130.48billionyuan
篇九:政府工作报告中英文对照
历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和《经济学家》中英文对照版建议多看看,上面的习题最好都亲自做一下,三级没多大难度,充分准备应该可以通过汉英翻译技巧的培养(translationcompetencedevelopment)应涉及以下内容:
一.要培养对英语的语感和悟性(languageintuition–openandalertmindtopickupidioms,specificexpressions,etc.);
二.要培养对英语的判断能力和鉴赏能力(evaluationcapacity–judgment);三.要培养对英语的洞察能力和剖析能力(powerofobservation–insight);四.要培养对英语细微特征的反应能力(linguisticnuancesalertness);五.要培养对社会文化和跨文化交流的敏感性(social-culturalsensitivity–cross-culturalawareness);六.要培养对英语和汉语之间差别的意识(senseofdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish);七.要培养对英语和汉语之间的辩证关系的认识(awarenessofthedialecticrelationshipbetweenChineseandEnglish);八.要培养对英语“洋为中用”的意识(“usethingsforeigntoserveChinesepurposes”);九.要培养对英语“学以致用”的意识(applywhatyouhavelearnedinyourtranslation);十.要培养对翻译的多层次、多角度的立体思维方式(amulti-tierapproach)。十一.一名称职的翻译工作者必须懂得什么是翻译的真谛(aclearconceptionofwhattranslationis)。十二.一名优秀的翻译人员必须具有高屋建瓴的视角(greatpowersofconception)。各种能力和意识的培养都需要加强翻译意识的锻炼:第一:要对翻译的重要性有深刻的、充分的认识,翻译的对与错、好与坏有时会产生绝
然不同的效果。例如,天涯海角:不是theEndoftheWorld(应为Land’sEnd/EndoftheEarth)。再如,一小时内免费送机票上门:不是Wegiveyouticketsfreeofchargewithinonehour.(应为Weofferfreedeliveryofyourairticketswithinonehourafteryourbookingconfirmation.)
第二:要善于仔细地、深入地、准确地理解中文原文的意思。这是因为准确的理解是做好翻译的前提。例如,摸着石头过河:不是crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestones。(而是wadeacrossthestreambyfeelingtheway)正确的做法应该是按照下面的步骤去做:
1.“摸着石头过河”的字面意思如何理解?2.它有什么暗含或延伸的意思?3.英语里有没有相同或类似的说法?.如果有,就可以直接借用;如果没有,是进行直译还是意译?4.如果直译为crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestones是否能被外国人理解?5.过河是乘船过(crossingbyboat)还是淌水过(wadingacross),动词用什么形式?6.这里的河是大河、中河还是小河(river,stream,brook,etc.)?7.摸的方式是用手摸还是用脚触?8.石头是大石头还是小石头(rock,stone,pebble,etc.)?9.如果意译为learningbyexperiment/bytrialanderror是否可取?10.直译和意译相结合wadingacrossthestreambyfeelingtheway如何?第三:中文和英文的对应词有时意思并不相同或者不完全相同,不能照字面翻译。例如,他的英语说得真好,就像外国人一样。不是HespeaksEnglishsowell,hesoundslikeaforeigner.而是HespeaksEnglishsowell,hesoundslikeanativespeaker.
拉动经济增长:不是pulleconomicgrowth,而是push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/spur/drive/fuel/speedup/accelerate/generate/fireup/propel/
facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。素质教育:不是qualityeducation,而是caliber-focusededucation或trait-centerededucation。
第四:有时候中文字面的意思表达不充分,部分信息被省略了或被隐藏起来了。例如,特区是个窗口,是技术的窗口,管理的窗口,知识的窗口,也是对外政策的窗口。不是:Thespecialzoneisawindow.Itisawidowforintroducingtechnology,managementandknowledge.Itisalsoawindowforforeignpolicy.
而是Thespecialeconomiczonesareawindowopeningontotheoutsideworld.Theyareawindowthroughwhichtobringinfromabroadsophisticatedtechnology,advancedmanagerialexpertiseandup-to-dateknow-how.ItisalsoawindowthroughwhichtodisseminateChina’sexternalpolicies.
再如,退耕还林:不是returnfarmlandtoforest,而应该是restore“woodland-convertedfarm-plots”backforafforesting。春运:不是springtransportation,而是therush/peakseasonofpassengertransportationduringtheSpringFestival。
第五:有些中文词语没有什么特殊涵义,而与之相对应的英文词语却有着特殊的涵义。例如,与“便宜”、“价廉”相对应的“cheap,”它有时候会带有贬义,成为“质次价低”的意,如cheapjewelries,cheapdresses,cheapfurniture等。我们可以说Iboughtacheapwatchformychild,对小孩无所谓;但不能说Iboughtacheapdressformygirlfriend.因为这样说会冒犯对方。在后一种情况下必须用inexpensive一词。
第六:避免用中式英语进行表达,而要尽量用地道的英语进行表达。假如我们要把“我过去学过一些法语,但现在都忘了,都还给老师了”这句话翻译成英语,最好不要说IlearnedsomeFrenchinthepast.NowIhaveforgottenit.I’vereturnedittotheteacher.比较好的说法是IusedtoknowsomeFrench,butI’veforgottenit.Ithasfounditswaybacktomyteacher.
再比如我们要用英语说“我攒了一大堆赃衣服,等着周末来洗,”最好不要说Ihaveaccumulatedalargeamountofdirtyclothes.I’mgoingtowashthemattheweekend.比较好的说法是Ihavealotoflaundrytocatchupattheweekend.
第七:根据不同场合,英语的表达有庄重(formal)与随意(informal)之分。比如“禁止吸烟”(NoSmoking)、“请勿吸烟”(Thankyoufornotsmoking)和“为了您和他人的健康,请勿在此吸烟”(Forhygiene’ssake,pleaserefrainyourselffromsmokinginthisroom.)下面两组例子中都各包含有formal-normal-informal三种文体风格(style):
Pleaseawaitinstructionsbeforedispatchingitems.Pleasewaitforinstructionsbeforesendingitemsoff.Don’tsendanythingoffuntilyou’retoldtodoso.Essentialmeasuresshouldbeundertakenattheearliestopportunity.Oneshouldundertakeanynecessarymeasuresattheearliestopportunity.Youshoulddowhateveryouhavetoassoonasyoucan.第八:要注意各行各业的不同术语的选择。比如我们要把“专业签证人员”翻译成英语,那么我们就要按照外交用语的习惯把它翻译为visaofficers,而不应该照字面上翻译成specializedvisapersonnel。“安居工程”的英译不是housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents,而应该按照社会经济用语的习惯翻译为theAffordableHousingProgram;“信息化”的英译不是informatization或informationization,而应该按照高科技行业习惯翻译为thespreading/sweepinginformationexplosion/theinformationexplosionprocess/trend;“外资企业”的英译不是overseas-fundedenterprises,而应该按照外贸行业习惯翻译为enterpriseswithforeigninvestment/enterpriseswithforeignelements;再比如,高速公路上的警示语“请勿疲劳驾驶,”翻译成英语不是Don’tdrivetiredly,按照交通法规术语应该翻译为Drowsydrivingisdangerous或Drivealert,arrivealive。
第九:注意汉语和英语之间的文化差异。把“相声”翻译成英语不能只是翻译其形式,还要翻译其内涵。翻译成crosstalk外国人不明白;不如翻译为comicdialogue更好懂。再
如,假设我们要把“以外贸为龙头”翻译成英语,能不能直接翻译为withforeigntradeasthe
dragonhead呢?这样翻译是很难让外国人明白的,因为“以……为龙头”这个说法是源自耍龙灯的习俗,而多数外国人不一定熟悉中国人的这一习俗。为了取得好的翻译效果,最好是用能够跨越文化障碍的表达方法,如“火车头”或“旗舰”:withforeigntradeasthelocomotive
/flagship。但是不能机械地对待一切类似的翻译问题,我们的头脑里应该有一点辩证法。比如汉语
的“鱼米之乡”(landoffishandrice),在英语里有一个类似的说法landofmilkandhoney,
但由于landoffishandrice外国人也能理解,不会造成跨化交流的障碍,所以我们可以采
用landoffishandrice的说法,以保留一点中国的特色。第十:对于暗含的意思,必须把它明白地翻译出来,这样便于外国读者理解。例如,”
东边日出西边雨,道是无晴却有晴”中的“晴”字,它是个双关语,有“天晴”和“爱情”的双重意思。我们在翻译的时候,必须做到二者兼顾:
It’ssunnyintheeastbutinthewestit’sraininghard.
Whetherrainorsunshine,he’sthesunshineinmyheart.再如,“这种鞋油为您足下增光”中的“足下”也是个双关语,翻译的时候也必须把两层意思都表达出来:Thisshoeshineshinesyourshoesandyoulookgreat.第十一:有时候,比如翻译诗句,光翻译字面上的意思是不够的,还必须把字里行间的深度、力量和美感表达出来。例如,朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨:不是Winesandmeats
becomerotteninthemansions;Deadbonesbecomerottenatthedoorsofthem,而是:
Inthemansions,rollingluxuryallowswineandmeattogorottenaway;Onthestreets,
grindingpovertycausesdeadbodiestofreezeanddecay.第十二:汉语和英语在语法语序和句子结构上都有很大的差别。因此,在进行中译英的
时候必须要考虑到这些方面的变化。例如,改革开放开放取得了巨大的成就:不是The
economicreformandtheopening-uphavemadegreatachievements.而是把“巨大的成
就”当作主语,把主动语态变成被动语态:Greatachievementshavebeenmadeinthe
economicreformandinoureffortstoopen-upChinatotheoutsideworld.
综上所述,一个好的翻译人员必须具有高屋见瓴的视角,要懂得翻译的真谛是什么。要想提高汉英翻译水平,必须加强对上述各种意识的培养。必须养成多层次、多角度的思维习惯
篇十:政府工作报告中英文对照
政府注资pumppriming软环境softenvironment粮食最低收购价crops'minimumpurchaseprices保八EightPercentProtection以人为本PutPeopleFirst农民企业家Farmer-turned-entrepreneur窗口指导windowguidance下岗再就业Re-employmentafterbeinglaidoff登记失业率registeredunemploymentrate扩大内需propel/expanddomesticdemand城乡差距rural-urbandivide基本医疗保险basicmedicalinsurance家电下乡Homeappliancesgoingtothecountryside教育公平EqualAccesstoEducation"三农"Issuesofagriculture,farmerandruralarea农村留守人口RuralLeft-BehindPopulation提案proposal2008政府工作报告热词——国企篇国有企业stateownedenterprises(SOEs)主要产业corebusiness税收贡献taxcontributions民航civilaviation所有制结构ownershipstructure发展大型粮食基地todeveloplargegrainproductionbases国有资产所有权转移transferringownershipofstate-ownedassets完善所有制结构toimproveownershipstructure实行政策性关闭破产tocarryoutpolicy-mandatedclosuresandbankruptcies建立国有资本经营预算制度tosetupabudgetsystemformanagingstatecapital国有企业资产总额thetotalvalueofassetsofstateownedenterprises(SOEs)国有资产管理体制改革reformofthemanagementsystemforstate-ownedassets国有经济布局与结构调整adjustmentofthedistributionandstructureofthestatesector建立和完善国有资产出资人制度tosetupandimproveasystemforinvestorsofstateassets引入国有企业股份制toinstituteastockholdingsysteminSOEs邮政体制改革reformofthepostalservicesystem振兴老工业基地战略strategyofrejuvenatingtheoldindustrialbases国有企业改革改组改造reforming,reorganizingandupgradingSOEs深化国有企业股份制改革todeepenthereformtoconvertSOEsintostockholdingcorporations加强公司化管理toimprovecorporategovernance
实行政策引导关闭和破产tocarryoutpolicy-mandatedclosuresandbankruptcies加快资源枯竭型城市经济转型totransformtheeconomiesofcitiesdependentonresourceexploitation扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点toexpandtheexperimentofsettingupabudgetsystemformanagingstatecapital引入竞争,加强政府管理和公共监督,深化垄断企业改革todeepenthereformofmonopolyindustriesbyintroducingcompetitionandstrengtheninggovernmentregulationandpublicsupervision严格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序tostrictlystandardizeproceduresfortransformingSOEsintostockcompanies资源型城市经济转型试点totransformtheeconomiesofcitiesdependentonresourceexploitation严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让,防止国有资产流失tostrictlystandardizeproceduresfortransformingSOEsintostockcompaniesandfortransferringownershipofstate-ownedassetstopreventtheirerosion主辅分离,辅业改制toseparateSOE'ssecondarybusinessesfromtheircorebusinessesandcoverttheformerintoindependentcompanies以人为本的社会people-firstsociety廉租房low-renthouse廉租房项目low-renthousingprogram经济适用房economicallyaffordablehouse二手房resoldapartment小型和中型不动产smallandmedium-sizedcondominiums中低收入家庭low-andmiddle-incomefamilies高收入家庭high-incomefamilies中等收入阶层middle-incomebracket房地产realestate多渠道解决住房问题anintegratedefforttosolvehousingproblems保持社会稳定tomaintainsocialstability城市贫困人口urbanpoor低收入城市居民的住房困难housingdifficultiesoflow-incomeurbanresidents增加“两限房”供给toincreasesupplyofreasonablypricedhousing抑制高端房产需求tocurbdemandforhigh-endhousing防止房价过热topreventoverheatinginhousingprices囤积和投机土地和房地产tohoardandspeculatelandandhouses次贷危机subprimecrisis2008政府工作报告热词——就业篇严厉打击非法用工toseverelypunishillegalemployment加强劳动争议处理toimprovethehandlingoflabordisputes加强劳动保障监察toimproveoversightforworkerprotectionmeasures就业促进法EmploymentPromotionLaw劳动合同法LaborContractLaw
城镇登记失业率registeredurbanunemploymentrate鼓励创业toencouragebusinessstartups公共就业服务体系publicemploymentservicesystem完善再就业扶持政策toimprovetheaidsystemforjobseekers“零就业”家庭zero-employmentfamilies就业机会employmentopportunities非农产业nonagriculturalsectors失业保险制度unemploymentinsurancesystem劳动力总量大增alargeincreaseinthetotalworkforce支持创办小型企业tosupportcitizenstoestablishsmallenterprises鼓励自谋职业和自主创业toencouragepeopletofindjobsontheirownorstarttheirownbusinesses加强就业和创业培训tostrengthenvocationaltrainingandtraininginhowtostartabusiness城乡劳动者平等就业制度anemploymentsystemthattreatsurbanandruralworkersequally落实促进残疾人就业政策tocarryoutpoliciestofindmorejobsforpeoplewithphysicalandmentaldisabilities建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制tocreateapermanentmechanismtohelpzero-employmentfamiliesfindjobs通过加强就业和创业培训,鼓励自谋职业和自主创业,以及支持创办小型企业来扩大就业toexpandemployment"byencouragingandtrainingbusinessstart-ups,strengtheningjobtraining,encouragingpeopletofindjobsontheirown,andsupportingtheestablishmentofsmallenterprises政府机构重组governmentbodiesrealigning大部门体制super-ministriessystem服务型政府service-orientedgovernment公共资源管理managementofpublicresources行政权力监督institutionalsupervisionontheexerciseofpower提高政府工作透明度toincreasetransparencyofgovernmentaffairs旗帜鲜明地反对腐败tostronglyvoiceagainstcorruption财政转移支付totransferpayments政府采购governmentprocurement土地和矿产资源开发developmentoflandandmineralresources国有资产转让transferofstate-ownedassets群众反映强烈的问题people'spressingconcerns食品药品安全foodanddrugsafety安全生产workplacesafety土地征收征用landacquisitionandexpropriation房屋拆迁housingdemolition职责交叉、权责脱节overlappingresponsibilitiesandpowersnotbeingmatchedbyresponsibilities合理配置宏观调控部门职能toappropriatelydivideresponsibilitiesamongdepartmentsthatexercisemacroeconomicregulation
调整和完善行业管理机构toadjustandimprovebodiesinchargeofindustrialmanagement加强社会管理和公共服务部门toimprovedepartmentsresponsibleforpublicadministrationandpublicservices权力过分集中和缺乏制约的问题theproblemsofexcessiveconcentrationofpowerandlackofchecksonpower从紧货币政策tightmonetarypolicy稳健财政政策prudentfiscalpolicy宏观经济调控macroeconomicregulation政府临时调控governmentinterimintervention经济增长模式modeofeconomicdevelopment固定资产投资反弹aresurgenceinfixedassetinvestment货币信贷投放仍然偏多continuedexcessivesuppliesofmoneyandcredit流动性过剩excessiveliquidity转型过程transformationprocess行政手段administrativemeasures螺旋式通胀spiralinginflation通胀压力inflationarypressure抑制通胀toholddowninflation次贷危机subprimemortgagecrisis经济剧烈波动drasticfluctuationsintheeconomy经济过热economicoverheating防止经济过热topreventtheeconomyfromoverheating促进结构调整和协调发展topromotestructuraladjustmentandbalanceddevelopment减轻弱势群体负担easetheburdenonthedisadvantagedgroup增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出toincreaseexpendituresnecessary"toshoreupweaklinks,improvepeople'slivesanddeepenreform"PoliticsHotWord职业资格vocationalqualification精神疾病mentalillness防卫过当excessivedefense选举舞弊electoralfraud违纪disciplinaryviolation/offense黄金时段primetime过滤软件filteringsoftware交通协管员trafficwarden求救呼叫maydaycall飚车dragracing流感“二代”病例domesticflucase综合能力all-roundability冒名顶替identitytheft“牵线”帮忙pullstrings
艳照sexpicture产前性别选择prenatalgenderselection权宜之计half-measure巡回演出roadshow零和博弈zero-sumgame先天免疫naturalimmunity低空飞行flyover猪流感swineflu青年发展协助youthoutreach测谎考验straight-facetest预先禁令Preliminaryinjunction强弱排序peckingorder总体规划masterplan动员讲话Peptalk遏制政策containmentpolicy联合tie-up牟取最大利益Creamoff人员大改组Shake-up幕后behind-the-scenes捷径和妙方quickfixandsilverbullet180度大转弯about-face婴儿潮babyboom审批程序vettingprocess有罪答辩guiltyplea分组讨论paneldiscussion政务透明administrativetransparency统计公报statisticalcommuniqué流失文物lootedrelics躲猫猫hide-and-seek双轨机制double-trackmechanism真人秀realityshow典型代表Posterchild试点计划pilotprogram基层社区grassrootscommunity拇指规则ruleofthumb报废卫星defunctsatellite干旱期dryspell
篇十一:政府工作报告中英文对照
P> 《政府工作报告》翻译策略研究——以《2018年政府工作报告》为例作者:武佩虹来源:《校园英语》2019年第11期
【摘要】文章以《2018年政府工作报告》中英译版为例,浅析《政府工作报告》的翻译策略。本文以功能目的论三原则为指导,了解中英语言习惯差异,从而找出《政府工作报告》的翻译策略,主要通过意译法和直译加注法这两种策略来讲解,从而进一步帮助外国人民更真实清楚地了解中国的政治、经济、文化等方面的发展。
【关键词】《政府工作报告》;目的论;翻译策略
【作者简介】武佩虹(1988.02-),女,汉族,山西文水人,硕士研究生,太原科技大学晋城校区,助教,研究方向:翻译理论与实践,外语教学,跨文化交际等。
一、引言
近些年,随着我国综合国力的增强,越来越多的国家想要了解我国的政治、经济和文化政策等方面,而《政府工作报告》就是其中一个途径,因此常常被翻译成各种语言版本,本文就以《2018年政府工作报告》及其英译本为研究对象,探讨《政府工作报告》英译时的一些策略、技巧。众所周知,中英文语言特点是大相径庭的,而造成这种差异的原因主要就是巨大的文化差异,中文用语比较简练工整,尤其是《政府工作报告》中,常常用到一些三字词、四字词,或者是一些俗语、谚语或者成语,这就加大了英译的难度,难点之一就是如何将中文简练的词汇和句子根据语境适当地翻译成对应的译入语,让目的语读者更为容易地接受,达到最佳交际效果。
二、翻译目的论三原则
20世纪70年代,功能主义翻译理论兴起于德国,其发展历经四个阶段:在第一阶段,赖斯就提出“把翻译行为所要达到的特殊目的”作为翻译批评的新模式,在第二阶段,费米尔提出目的论,认为,翻译中的最高法则应该是“目的法则”。也就是说,翻译的目的不同,翻译时所采取的策略、方法也不同。此外,翻译还须遵循“语内连贯法则”和“语际连贯法则”。在第三阶段,贾斯塔·霍茨—曼塔里提出翻译行为理论,该理论和目的论有颇多共同之处,弗米尔后来也将二者融合。在第四阶段:克里斯汀娜·诺德全面总结和完善功能派理论。她发现目的论存在的缺陷,并提出了用忠诚原则来解决文化差异及翻译行为的参与者之间的关系。
总而言之,功能派翻译理论认为所有翻译活动遵循的首要原则是“目的原则”,其次是,连贯原则和忠诚原则,这两者都要服从于目的原则,并且忠诚原则要服从于连贯原则。
三、目的论三原则指导下的翻译策略在《2018年政府工作报告》的实际应用
国务院总理李克强于2018年3月5日上午9时,在第十三届全国人民代表大会上第一次会议上作了《2018年政府工作报告》。本文就以《2018年政府工作报告》英译本为例,探讨在功能主义翻译理论指导下,译者是如何采用一些翻译技巧、翻译策略达到译文对原文的忠实,从而达到最佳的交际效果。
1.意译法。例1原文:树立绿水青山就是金山银山理念。
译文:wehaveestablishedthenotionthatlucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets.
根据翻译目的论,在翻译时,要遵循忠诚原则,但并不意味着把词语相应地简单翻译出来,在这里,“绿”,“青”,“金”,“银”,只是我们中国人习惯这样讲,直译成英文,外国人并不能明白其中的含义,这其实体现了中英文化之间的差异,从跨文化的角度出发,就需要我们用到意译的翻译策略,即根据原文的大概意思来翻译,在不改变原文精神实质的前提下,创作性的把原作的思想表达出来,而不是拘泥于原文逐字逐句翻译。在保持好原文对等的信息基础上,使译文更容易为目的语多接受。在这里,译者翻译成为lucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets,就很好地体现了目的论连贯的原则。意译法在《政府工作报告中》经常用到,以下两个例子同样皆用了此翻译策略。
例2原文:...把宝贵的资金更多用于为发展增添后劲、为民生雪中送碳。
译文:...sothatthesepreciousfundsareusedtoaddgrowthdriversforsustainingdevelopmentandmeetpeople’smosturgentneeds.
我们都知道,“雪中送碳”是一个汉语成语,意思是在下雪天给人送碳取暖,比喻在别人急需是给以物质上或精神上的帮助,但英语中就没有这样的表达,从跨文化交际的角度出发,应当选择意译法。在这里,译者将其翻译成为meetpeople’smosturgentneeds就很好,目的语读者很容易明白其含义。这样既达到了翻译的忠实原则,又使得行文非常连贯。
例3原文:干出实打实的新业绩,干出群众的好口碑,干出千帆竞发、百舸争流的生动局面。
译文:Onlybydoingcanwemakesolidnewachievements,earnpublicendorsement,andcontributetoadynamicatmosphereinwhicheveryoneismotivatedanddriventogetthingsdone.
在这句话中,“好口碑”、“千帆竞发、百舸争流”分别是我们汉语中的俗语、成语,为了避免引起文化冲突,以及语句的连贯,巧妙地使用了意译的翻译策略,分别意译成为了endorsement,everyoneismotivatedanddriventogetthingsdone.
2.直译加注法。例4原文:深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动、“三严三实”专题教育......
译文:WehavetakenextensiveactioninraisingawarenessofandputtingintopracticetheParty’smassline,intheThreeStrictsandThreeEarnestscampaign*....(Note:TheThreeStrictsandThreeEarnestscampaignreferstotheneedtobestrictwithoneselfinpracticingself-cultivation,usingpower,andexercisingself-discipline;andtobeearnestinone’sthinking,workandbehaviour.)
篇十二:政府工作报告中英文对照
P> 深入学习中国共产党地方委员会工作条例中国共产党党组工作条例试行党政领导干部选拔任用工作条例等法规制度学习市委加强领导班子思想政治建设的实施意见等制度文件学习中纪委机关中央组织部关于加强换届风气监督的通知和中央省委市委有关严肃换届纪律的精神和要求特别是九个严禁止九个一律纪律要求重点掌握四个廉洁四个自觉深入贯彻落实中央和省市委关于从严治党的重大决策部署2011政府工作报告温家宝
REPORTONTHEWORKOFTHEGOVERNMENTDeliveredattheFourthSessionoftheEleventhNationalPeople'sCongressonMarch5,2011WenJiabaoPremieroftheStateCounci
各位代表,现在,我代表国务院,向大会作政府工作报告,请各位代表审议,并请全国政协委员提出意见。FellowDeputies,OnbehalfoftheStateCouncil,Inowpresenttoyoumyreportontheworkofthegovernmentforyourdeliberationandapproval.IalsoinvitethemembersoftheNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)tosubmitcommentsandsuggestions.
一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾
I.ReviewofNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentDuringtheEleventhFive-YearPlanPeriod
“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战,中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民,全面推进改革开放和现代化建设,国家面貌发生了历史性变化。
TheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiodwasatrulyextraordinarytimeinthecourseofthecountry'sdevelopment.Inthefaceofcomplexdomesticandinternationalsituationsandaseriesofmajorrisksandchallenges,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)unitedwithandledthepeopleofallthecountry'sethnicgroupsincomprehensively
advancingreform,openingupandmodernization,bringingaboutahistoricchangeinChinaoverthepastfiveyears.
——这五年,我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击,保持经济平稳
较快发展,胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务,国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元,年均增长11.2%,财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。
-Thecountry'sproductiveforcesandoverallnationalstrengthimprovedsignificantly.Weeffectivelywardedofftheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,maintainedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopmentandfulfilledthemajorobjectivesandtasksoftheEleventhFive-YearPlan,andtheeconomyscalednewheights.GDPgrewatanaverageannualrateof11.2%toreach39.8trillionyuan.Governmentrevenueincreasedfrom3.16trillionyuanto8.31trillionyuan.Majorbreakthroughswereattainedincutting-edgescienceandtechnologysuchasthemannedspacemission,thelunarexplorationprogramandsupercomputers.Greatprogresswasmadeinthemodernizationofnationaldefenseandthearmy.——这五年,各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面
进步。城镇新增就业5771万人,转移农业劳动力4500万人;城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%;覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。
-Progressinallsocialprogramsacceleratedandpeople'slivesimprovedsignificantly.
Comprehensiveprogresswasmadeineducation,scienceandtechnology,culture,publichealthandsportsprograms.Thenumberofnewurbanjobsincreasedby57.71million,and45millionagriculturalworkersfoundurbanemployment.Thepercapitadisposableincomeofurbanresidentsrosebyanannualaverageof9.7%andthepercapitanetincomeofruralresidentsby8.9%inrealterms.Thesocialsecuritysystemcoveringbothurbanandruralareaswasprogressivelyrefined.
——这五年,改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破,社会主义市场经济体制更
加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元,开放型经济水平快速提升。
-Majorprogresswasmadeinreformandopeningup.Newbreakthroughswereachievedincrucialareas
andkeylinksofreform,andthesocialistmarketeconomyfurtherimproved.Lastyear,totalforeigntradevolumereachedUS$2.97trillionandtheopennessoftheeconomyincreasedrapidly.
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——这五年,我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用,有力维护
国家主权、安全和发展利益,全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会,实现了中华民族的百年梦想。
-China'sinternationalprestigeandinfluencegrewsignificantly.Weplayedanimportantand
constructiveroleininternationalaffairs;effectivelysafeguardedournationalsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests;andmademajorprogressinourall-arounddiplomacy.WesuccessfullyhostedtheBeijingOlympicsandShanghaiWorldExpo,thusfulfillingdreamstheChinesenationhadcherishedforacentury.这些辉煌成就,充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性,展现了改革开放的伟大力量,极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力,必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。
ThesebrilliantachievementsclearlyshowtheadvantagesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandthe
greatpowerofreformandopeningup.Theygreatlyincreasedtheconfidenceandprideofourpeopleofallethnicgroups,strengthenedthecohesivenessoftheChinesenation,andinspiredustoforgeaheadonourhistoriccourse.
五年来,我们主要做了以下工作:Thefollowingareourmainaccomplishmentsoverthepastfiveyears:(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度,
牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期,针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩,以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题,采取正确的政策措施,有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年,面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击,我们沉着应对、科学决策,果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划,大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税,大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划,大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑,大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针,采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施,增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入,消费规模持续扩大,结构不断升级。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划,其中,新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%,重大基础设施建设占23.6%,灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政府投资引导带动社会投资,国内需求大幅增加,有效弥补外需缺口,较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势,在世界率先实现回升向好,既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生,又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。
1.Strengtheningandimprovingmacro-control,andspurringsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopmentWepaidcloseattentiontotheorientation,focusandstrengthofmacro-controlandkeptafirmgraspontheinitiativeinoureconomicwork.IntheearlystagesoftheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiod,we
adoptedcorrectpoliciesandmeasurestoaddressoverheatedinvestmentgrowth,theexcessivetradesurplus,excessliquidity,andstructuralandimportedinflation;effectivelypreventedemergingproblemsfromevolvingintotrends;andpreventedproblemsinanyoneareafrombecominggeneralproblems.Inthelasttwoyears,werespondedcoollytotheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisisacrisisofaseverityseldomseeninthelastcentury,madedecisionsscientificallyandresolutelyfollowedaproactivefiscalpolicyandmoderatelyeasymonetarypolicy.Westeadfastlyimplementedamulti-pointplan,greatlyincreasedgovernmentspendingandmadestructuraltaxreductions,carriedouttheplanforrestructuringandreinvigoratingkeyindustriesonalargescale,vigorouslypromotedinnovationandincreasedsupportforworkinscienceandtechnology,andsubstantiallyincreasedsocialsecuritybenefits.Westeadfastlyfollowedastrategyofexpandingdomesticdemand;adoptedpoliciesandmeasurestoencourageconsumerspending;andincreasedurbanandruralincomes,particularlyforlow-incomepeople.Asaresult,consumerspendinggrewsteadilyanditsstructureconstantlyimproved.Wecarriedoutatwo-yearinvestmentplantoincreasespendingby4trillionyuan,including1.18trillionyuanfromthecentralgovernment.Ofthisamount,43.7%wasinvestedinlow-incomehousingprojects,projectstoimprovethewellbeingofruralresidents,andsocialprograms;15.3%ininnovation,restructuring,energyconservation,emissionsreductionsandecologicalimprovement;23.6%inmajorinfrastructureprojects;and14.8%inpost-Wenchuanearthquakerecoveryandreconstruction.Governmentspendingguidedanddrovenongovernmentalinvestment,greatlyincreaseddomesticdemandandeffectivelycompensatedforweakexternaldemand.ThishelpedtoreversetheslowdownineconomicgrowthinarelativelyshorttimeandmaketheChineseeconomythefirstintheworldtopickupagain.Inthisway,wenotonlygotoverthehardtimesandensuredandimprovedthewellbeingofthepeople,butalsolaidafirmfoundationforlong-termdevelopment.
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(二)毫不放松地做好“三农”工作,巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿
元,年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费,结束了农民种田交税的历史,每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制,农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策,小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高,去年达到1.09万亿斤,连续7年增产;农民人均纯收入达到5919元,实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进,集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设,完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固,解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题,农民的日子越过越好,农村发展进入一个新时代。
2.Strivingtodoourworkrelatedtoagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmerswell,andconsolidatingandstrengtheningtheagriculturalfoundationCentralgovernmentspendingonagriculture,ruralareasandfannerstotalednearly3trillionyuanandgrewatanaverageannualrateofmorethan23%.Agriculturaltaxandvariousgovernmentcharges
weretotallyabolished,therebyendingthehistoryoffarmerspayingtaxesonthecropstheygrowandeasingtheirannualburdenbymorethan133.5billionyuan.Wesetupasubsidysystemforgraingrowersandabenefitsubsidysystemformajorgrowingareas,andpaidout122.6billionyuaninproductionsubsidiestograingrowerslastyear.Minimumpurchasepricesandtemporarypurchaseandstoragepolicieswereputinplaceforkeygrainvarieties,andtheminimumpurchasepricesforwheatandricewereraisedbybetween25%and40%.Werigorouslysafeguardedarableland.Weworkedhardtomakeadvancesinagriculturalscienceandtechnology.Newrecordhighsweresetforgrainproduction,whichreached545billionkglastyear,theseventhconsecutiveyearlyincrease.Thepercapitanetincomeoffarmerscontinuedtogrowrapidlyandreached5,919yuan.Wemadesteadyprogresswithcomprehensivereformsinthecountrysideandfullyimplementedthereformoftenureincollectiveforestsandthesystemformanagingstate-ownedfarms.Weacceleratedagriculturalandruralinfrastructuredevelopment.Wefinishedreinforcing7,356largeandmedium-sizedreservoirsandkeysmallreservoirsandensuredthesafetyofdrinkingwaterfor215millionruralresidents.Farmers'livesconstantlyimprovedandruraldevelopmententeredanewera.
(三)大力推进经济结构调整,提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。
积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组,工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系,实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程,突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术,一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展,在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快,五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里,新增公路63.9万公里,其中高速公路3.3万公里,新建、改扩建机场33个,新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施,制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源,新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦,其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里,加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计,单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略,颁布实施全国主体功能区规划,制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划,推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快,经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平;东部地区经济结构不断优化,自主创新和竞争力逐步提高;地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小,各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。
3.StronglypromotingeconomicrestructuringandimprovingthequalityandperformanceofeconomicgrowthFirst,weacceleratedindustrialrestructuringandinnovation.
Wevigorouslycarriedouttechnologicalupgradinginenterprisesandenterprisemergersandreorganizations,whichnoticeablyraisedtheoveralllevelandcompetitivenessofChineseindustries,particularlyequipmentmanufacturing.Strategicemergingindustriesgrewrapidly.Weacceleratedthedevelopmentofthenationalinnovationsystem;carriedoutknowledgeinnovationprojectsandtechnologyinnovationprojects;andmadebreakthroughsinurgentlyneededcutting-edgetechnologies,coretechnologiesandkeyequipmenttechnologies.Alargenumberofresearchresultshavebeenappliedinindustrialproduction.TheserviceindustrydevelopedquicklyandtheproportionitcontributestoGDProseby
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2.5percentagepoints.Wegreatlyacceleratedinfrastructuredevelopment.Weexpandedtherailwaysystemby16,000kmoverthepastfiveyearsandtheroadsystemby639,000km,including33,000kmofexpressways.Webuilt,improvedorexpanded33airportsandbuiltorreinforced17,000kmofdykes.
Second,wemadegenuineprogressinenergyconservation,emissionsreduction,ecologicalimprovementandenvironmentalprotection.
Weformulatedpolicies,measuresandnationalobjectivesforcontrollinggreenhousegasemissionsby2020anddrewupacomprehensiveworkplanforconservingenergyandreducingemissions.Wevigorouslydevelopedcleanenergy.Newpowergeneratingunitswithacapacityof445millionkWwereputonline,includinghydropowerplantswith96.01millionkWcapacityandnuclearpmverplantswith3.84millionkWcapacity.Wedecommissionedsmallthermalpowerplantswithacapacityof72.1millionkWandeliminatedanumberofoutdatedcoal,steel,cementandcokeproductionfacilities.Wemadeprogressonkeyecologicalforestryprojects,andafforestedatotalof25.29millionhectares.Weappliedacombinationofapproachestocontrolsoilerosionon230,000km2ofland,andstrengthenedeffortstocontrolwaterandairpollutioninkeywatersheds,preventandcontrolairpollutionandcontrolindustrialwastewater,wastegasesandresidues.Westronglypromotedthedevelopmentofthecirculareconomy.EnergyconsumptionperunitofGDPfell19.1%,chemicaloxygendemandby12.45%andsulfurdioxideemissionsby14.29%.
Third,weworkedtobalanceregionaleconomicdevelopment.
Weimplementedamasterstrategyforregionaldevelopment,issuedandimplementedthenationalplanfordevelopmentpriorityzones;fommlatednew10-yearguidelinesforthelarge-scaledevelopmentofthewesternregionandanumberofregionaldevelopmentplans;andintroducednewmeasurestostimulatedevelopmentbyleapsandboundsinTibet,TibetanethnicareasinSichuan,Yunnan,GansuandQinghaiprovinces,Xinjiangandotherethnicminorityareas.DevelopmentacceleratedinthecentralandwesternregionsandnortheastChina,andtheireconomicgrowthratesandothermaineconomicindicatorswerehigherthanthenationalaverage.Theeconomicstructureoftheeasternregionconstantlyimproved,anditsinnovativenessandcompetitivenessgraduallyincreased.Discrepanciesinlevelsofbasicpublicservicesamongregionsweredecreasing,andthedevelopmentofeachregionwastakingonuniquecharacteristics.
(四)坚定不移深化改革开放,增强经济社会发展内在活力。财政转移支付制度逐步完善,县级基
本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施,成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,资源税改革启动试点,内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成,政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进;平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题,创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出,债券市场稳步发展;深入推进保险业改革开放;人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策,非公有制经济发展环境不断改善,多种所有制经济共同发展。
4.Determinedlyworkingtodeepenreformandopeningup,andstrengtheningtheinternalvitalityofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentWegraduallyimprovedthesystemoftransferpaymentsandsetuparudimentarymechanismforensuringbasicfundingforcounty-levelgovernments.WecomprehensivelycarriedoutVATreform.The
reformofpricesofrefinedoilproductsandrelatedtaxesandfeeswasimplementedsmoothly.Trialswerelaunchedforthereformofresourcetaxes,andthecorporatetaxsystemsfordomesticandoverseas-fundedenterpriseswereunified.Thereformtoconvertlargestate-ownedcommercialbankstostockholdingcompanieswassmoothlycompleted,andthereformofpolicy-basedfinancialinstitutionsandruralcreditcooperativesiswellunderway.WesteadilyresolvedtheissueofHoatingnon-tradablesharesoflistedcompanies;successfullylaunchedtheChiNextstockmarket;andintroducedstockindexfuturesandsecuritiesmargintrading,Themarketforgovernmentbondsdevelopedsteadily.Wedeepenedthereformandopeningupoftheinsuranceindustry.OrderlyprogresswasmadeinreformingthemechanismforsettingtheRMBexchangerate,andthetrialsofsettlingcross-bordertradeaccountsinRMBwereconstantlyexpanded.Positiveprogresswasmadeinthereformtotumstate-ownedenterprises(SOEs)intostockholdingcorporationsandthereformofthesystemformanagingandoverseeingstateassets.Weacceleratedreformofthepostalsystem.Aseriesofpolicieswereformulatedandimplementedtopromotethedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandencouragenongovernmentalinvestment,theenvironmentforthedevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomyconstantlyimproved,andeconomicentitiesunderdiverseformsofownershipdevelopedsidebyside.
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不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%,结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降,
2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快,累计对外直接投资2200亿美元,对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设,多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整,增加了就业,吸收了先进技术和管理经验,大大提高了我国的国际地位。
Thebreadthanddepthofouropennesstotheoutsideworldconstantlyincreased.Totalimportand
exportvolumegrewbyanaverageannualrateof15.9%,andthestructureofimportsandexportsconstantlyimproved.Ourtradesurplusdecreasedfortwoconsecutiveyears,andtheyear-on-yeardecreasewas6.4%in2010.TheutilizationofforeigncapitalfUrtherimproved.Thepaceofenterprises"goingglobal"increasednoticeably:outwardforeigndirectinvestmentreached$220billionandthetotalvolumeofcontractstobuildforeignprojectsandprovideoverseaslaborservicesreached$335.2billion.Weenergeticallyparticipatedinthereformofglobaleconomicgovernanceandthedevelopmentofmechanismsforregionalcooperation,andourmultilateralandbilateraleconomicandtradecooperationcontinuedtodeepen.Thescaleofourforeignaidcontinuedtogrow.Openingtotheoutsideworldstronglystimulatedeconomicdevelopmentandrestructuring,increasedemployment,attractedadvancedtechnologyandmanagerialexpertise,andgreatlyimprovedChina'sinternationalstanding.
(五)加快发展社会事业,切实保障和改善民生。始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调,围绕改善民
生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务,促进高校毕业生、农村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业,做好退役军人就业安置工作。实施劳动合同法和就业促进法,普遍提高最低工资标准,推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展,城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹,实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法,连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平,年均增长10%,新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革,全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度,惠及4.32亿城镇职工和城镇居民、8.35亿农村居民。最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖,城乡社会救助体系基本建立,社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累7810亿元,比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造,使1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。我们要持之以恒,努力让全体人民老有所养、病有所医、住有所居。
5.Acceleratingthedevelopmentofsocialundertakingsandgenuinelyensuringandimprovingthepeople’swellbeingWeconstantlyworkedtokeepeconomicdevelopmentinlinewithsocialdevelopment,andplandevelopmentwithaviewtoimprovingthewellbeingofthepeople.Wegavehighprioritytoemploymentin
economicandsocialdevelopment.Weimprovedvocationaltrainingandemploymentservices;helpedcollegegraduates,ruralmigrantworkersandurbanresidentswhohavedifficultyfindingjobstofindemployment;andhelpedex-soldiersfindjobsandsettledown.WeimplementedtheLaborContractLawandtheLawonPromotingEmployment,raisedminimumwages,andpromotedharmoniouslaborrelations.Weachievedbreakthroughsinthedevelopmentofthesocialsecuritysystemforbothurbanandruralresidents;basicpensioninsuranceforurbanworkerswasputunderunifiedplanningattheprovinciallevel;amethodwasdevisedtotransferpensioninsurancecoverageforworkersmovingtootherprovinces;andtherewasanaverage10%increaseperyearoverthelastsevenyearsinthebasicpensionforenterpriseretirees.Inaddition,thetrialofanewtypeofpensioninsuranceforruralresidentshasbeenextendedto24%ofallcounties.Weactivelyyetprudentlycarriedoutthereformofthepharmaceuticalandhealthcaresystems,andcompletedabasicmedicalinsurancesystemfornon-workingurbanresidentsandanewruralcooperativemedicalcaresystem,whichbenefit432millionworkingandnon-workingurbanresidentsand835millionrmalresidents.Weachievedcompletecoverageofthesubsistenceallowancesystem;basicallyputinplaceanmban-rmalgovernmentassistanceprogram;andmadecontinuedprogressinprogramsrelatedtosocialwelfare,preferentialtreatmentandarrangementsforentitledgroups,charities,andpeoplewhoarephysicallyormentallyhandicapped.Moreover,thenationalsocialsecurityfundnowstandsat781billionyuan,over580billionyuanmorethanfiveyearsago.Wedevotedgreateffortstoconstructinglow-incomehousingandredevelopingrun-downareas,andasaresult,11millionpoorhouseholdswereabletomoveintonewhomes.Weworkedtirelesslytoensmeeveryonehasaccesstoold-agecare,medicaltreatment,andhousing.
制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元,年均增长
22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育,所有适龄儿童都能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面
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实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家助学制度,财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元,覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中,共资助学生2130万名,还为1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平,增强高校创新能力。制定并实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要,中央财政科技投入6197亿元,年均增长22.7%,取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家财政安排专项资金,改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院,建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快,文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播电视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快,全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进,“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理,社会保持和谐稳定。
WeformulatedandimplementedtheNationalMedium-andLong-TermPlanforEducationReformandDevelopment.Governmentspendingoneducationnationwidetotaled4.45trillionyuan,andgrewatan
averageannualrateof22.4%.Wemadeurbanandrmalcompulsoryeducationfreesothatallchildrenofschoolagecanreceiveaneducationatnocost.Wefullyimplementedthesystemthatlinksthesalariesofteachersincompulsoryeducationtotheirperformance.Secondaryvocationaleducationwasmadefreeforstudentsfrompoverty-strickenrmalhouseholdsandlow-incomeurbanhouseholdsandstudentswhosemajorsarerelatedtoagricuItme.Weacceleratedtheimplementationofthegovernmentfinancialaidsystemforstudents,andgovernmentinvestmentincreasedfrom1.8billionyuanin2006to30.6billionyuanin2010.Thesystemwasexpandedfrominstitutionsofhigherlearningtosecondaryvocationalschoolsandregularseniorsecondaryschools,andhashelpedfundtheeducationof21.3millionstudentsandprovidedlivingexpensesforover12millionstudentslivingoncampuswhilereceivingcompulsoryeducation.Weacceleratedtherenovationofdilapidatedprimaryandsecondaryschoolbuildingsinruralareasandthedevelopmentofvocationaleducationinfrastructure.Weimprovedtheoverallqualityofhighereducation,andenhancedtheinnovationcapacityofcollegesanduniversities.WeformulatedandimplementedtheNationalMedium-andLong-TermPlanforScientificandTechnologicalDevelopment.Thecentralgovernmentallocated619.7billionyuanforscienceandtechnology,anaverageannualincreaseof22.7%,whichresultedinaseriesofmajorachievements.Greateffortsweremadetoimprovetheservicesprovidedbycommunity-basedmedicalandhealthcarefacilities.Aspecialfundwasincludedinthestatebudgettorenovateorbuild23,000townandtownshiphospitals,1,500countyhospitals,500countytraditionalChinesemedicinehospitals,and1,000countymaternityandchildcarehospitals,aswellastobuild2,400communityhealthservicecenters.WeformulatedandimplementedtheNationalMedium-andLong-TermPlanforHumanResourceDevelopment.Wesmoothlyattainedpopulationplanningobjectives.Importantprogresswasmadeinthereformoftheculturalmanagementsystem.Developmentofthesystemofpublicculturalservicesnoticeablyaccelerated,andthecultureindustrydevelopedvigorously.Philosophyandthesocialsciences,thepressandpublishing,radio,filmandtelevision,andliteratureandartallflourishedandadvanced.Theconstructionofurbanandruralpublicsportsandexercisefacilitieswasaccelerated,andthenationalfitnessprogramhastakenroot.Wecomprehensivelyimprovedthelegalsystemandsmoothlyimplementedthefifthfive-yearplantoeducatethepublicaboutthelaw.Wemadeinnovationsinandstrengthenedtheadministrationofsocietyandmaintainedsocialharmonyandstability.
抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利,汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成,玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼,中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强,中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。WewonmajorvictoriesinthefightagainsttheWenchuanearthquakeandothernaturaldisasters.Thepost-earthquakerecoveryandreconstructionworkinWenchuanwasbasicallycompletedintwoyears
insteadofthescheduledthree,andrecoveryandreconstructionworkfollowingthestrongYushuearthquakeandmajormudslideinZhugquisproceedinginanorderlymanner.PassingtheseseveretestsmadetheChinesepeoplemoremature,moreconfidentandstronger,andthegreat,indomitableandunyieldingspiritoftheChinesenationisinvincible.
五年来,我们不断深化行政管理体制改革,加快转变政府职能,全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革,深入推进依法行政,建设法治政府和服务型政府,推进政务公开,加强行政问责,坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争,政府自身建设取得积极进展。Weconstantlydeepenedreformoftheadministrativesystem.Weacceleratedthetransformationof
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governmentfunctions,completedanewroundofreformsofgovernmentagencies,intensivelycarriedoutadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw,developedlaw-basedgovernment,madethegovernmentmoreservice-oriented,madegovernmentaffairsmoreopen,improvedtheadministrativeaccountabilitysystem,tirelesslycombatedcorruption,andmadepositiveprogressingovernmentcapacitybuilding.
过去五年,我们是一步一个脚印走过来的,中国人民有理由为此感到自豪!五年的成绩来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果,是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里,我代表国务院,向全国各族人民,向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士,表示诚挚感谢!向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞,表示诚挚感谢!向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友,表示诚挚感谢!Weworkedsteadilyandmadesolidprogress,andtheChinesepeoplehaveeveryreasontotakeprideinthis.Ourachievementsdidnotcomeeasily.Theyweremadethankstothebroadvisionandcorrectleadershipof
theCPCCentralCommitteewithComradeHuJintaoasGeneralSecretaryandtheconcertedeffortsofthePartyandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsacrossthecountry.OnbehalfoftheStateCouncil,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetothepeopleofallethnicgroups,alldemocraticpartiesandmassorganizations,andpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Inaddition,IwouldliketoexpressmythankstoomcompatriotsintheHongKongandMacaospecialadministrativeregionsandinTaiwan,andoverseasChinese.Finally,mysincerethanksgotothegovernmentsofothercountries,internationalorganizationsandfriendsfromaroundtheworldwhocareforandsupportChina'smodernization.
我们清醒地认识到,我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是:经济增长的资源环境约束强化,投资与消费关系失衡,收入分配差距较大,科技创新能力不强,产业结构不合理,农业基础仍然薄弱,城乡区域发展不协调,就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存,制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多;服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决,主要是:优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均;物价上涨压力加大,部分城市房价涨幅过高;违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多;食品安全问题比较突出;一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神,通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力,加快解决这些问题,让人民满意。Wearekeenlyawarethatwestillhaveaseriousprobleminthatourdevelopmentisnotyetwellbalanced,coordinatedorsustainable.Thismanifestsitselfmainlyinthefollowing:growingresomceand
environmentalconstraintshinderingeconomicgrowth,imbalancebetweeninvestmentandconsumption,largeincomegap,insufficientscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapabilities,anirrationalindustrialstructme,continuedweaknessintheagriculturalfoundation,unevendevelopmentbetweenmbanandruralareasandbetweenregions,thecoexistenceofoverallpressuretoexpandemploymentandstructuralshortageofqualifiedpersonnelinsomeindustries,defectsinsystemsmechanismsthathinderscientificdevelopment,andourfailuretomeettargetssetintheEleventhPlan-thevalue-addedoftheservicesector,itsshareintotalemployment,andspendingonR&DasapercentageofGDP.Moreover,wehavenotyetfundamentallysolvedanumberofissuesthatthemassesfeelstronglyabout,namelythelackofhigh-qualityeducationalandmedicalresources,andtheirunevendistribution;increasingupwardpressureonprices,exorbitanthousingpriceincreasesinsomecities;increasingsocialproblemsresultingfromillegallandexpropriationsandhousingdemolitions;significantproblemsconcerningfoodsafety;andrampantcorruptioninsomeareas.Wemustthereforehaveastrongsenseofresponsibilitytowardthecountryandthepeopleandworktirelesslyandpainstakinglytosolvetheseproblemsmorequicklytothesatisfactionofthepeople.
回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作,我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。Lookingbackatthegovernment'sworkduringtheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiod,wehavedeepenedourunderstandingandawarenessin.severalareas.一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战,靠的是发展;各领域取得的一切成就和进步,靠的是发
展;解决前进道路上的困难和问题,仍然要靠发展。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,必须坚持以经济建设为中心,坚持科学发展。要以人为本,把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,坚定不移走共同富裕道路,使发展成果惠及全体人民;坚持统筹兼顾,促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展;加快转变经济发展方式,大力推进自主创新,节约资源和保护环境,使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调,提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。
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First,wemuststeadfastlyundertakescientificdevelopment.
Wehavereliedondevelopmenttoovercomealltypesofseverechallenges,andallourachievementsandprogressineveryareacomefromdevelopment.Wemustthereforecontinuetorelyondevelopmenttoresolvethedifficultiesandproblemsontheroadahead.Chinaisstillintheprimarystageofsocialismandwillremainsoforalongtimetocome,sowemustcontinuetotakeeconomicdevelopmentasourcentraltaskandpursuescientificdevelopment.Weneedtoputpeoplefirst,makeensuringandimprovingtheirwellbeingthestartingpointandgoalofallourwork,unwaveringlyworkforprosperityforallandensurethateveryonesharesinthefiuit~fofdevelopment.Weneedtosteadfastlytakeallfactorsintoconsideration,andcoordinateurbanandruraldevelopment,regionaldevelopment,andeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Weneedtoacceleratethetransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopment;stronglypromoteinnovation;conserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment;ensurethateconomicandsocialdevelopmentiscoordinatedwithourpopulation,resourcesandenvironment;andmakedevelopmentmorecomprehensive,balancedandsustainable.
二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制,有效的宏观调控,都是社会主义市场
经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多一些还是政府作用多一些,必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中,我们加强和改善宏观调控,及时纠正市场扭曲,弥补市场失灵,防止经济出现大的起落,实践证明是完全正确的。我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用,激发经济的内在活力,同时,科学运用宏观调控手段,促进经济长期平稳较快发展。
Second,wemustcontinuetocloselyintegrategovernmentcontrolwithmarketforces.
Soundmarketforcesandeffectivemacro-controlarebothindispensablepartsofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Wemustbeguidedbyrealitiesindecidingwhenmarketforcesaretoplaythegreaterroleandwhengovernmentcontrolistoplaythegreaterrole.Inrespondingtotheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,wetightenedandimprovedmacro-control,quicklycorrectedmarketdistortions,remediedmarketfailuresandpreventedseriouseconomicfluctuations.Allthemeasureswetookhaveproventobeentirelycorrect.Wemustconstantlyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy,andmakefulluseofthebasicroleofthemarketinallocatingresourcestostimulatetheinternalvitalityoftheeconomywhileusingmacro-controltoolsscientificallytopromotelong-term,steadyandrapideconomicdevelopment.
三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下,我国经济
同世界经济的联系日益紧密,互动和依存不断增强。必须树立世界眼光,加强战略思维,善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇,稳妥应对风险挑战,利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源,统筹处理好国内发展与对外开放关系,真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。
Third,wemustconsidertheoveralldomesticandinternationalsituations.
AseconomicglobalizationintensifiesandChina'sopeningupconstantlydeepens,oureconomyisbecominglinkedevermorecloselytotheworldeconomyandthetwoareconstantlyinteractingandbecomingmoreinterdependent.Wemustadoptaglobalperspective,strengthenourstrategicthinking,beproficientatrecognizingdevelopmentopportunitiespresentedbychangesintheinternationalsituation,respondprudentlytorisksandchallenges,makegooduseofbothdomesticandinternationalmarketsandresources,correctlybalancedomesticdevelopmentandourdegreeofopennesstotheoutsideworld,andtrulytakeintoconsiderationbothdomesticandexternaldemandtoachievebalanceddevelopment.
四是必须坚持把改革开放作为经济社会发展的根本动力。改革开放是实现国家强盛、人民幸福的必由
之路,必须贯穿社会主义现代化建设全过程。我们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革,提高改革决策的科学性,增强改革措施的协调性,全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新,从根本上破除体制机制障碍,最大限度解放和发展生产力,促进社会公平正义。要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点,把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来,以改革促进和谐稳定,确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。
Fourth,wemuststeadfastlyusereformandopeninguptoprovidethebasicdrivingforceforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.
Theonlywaytomakethecountrystrongandprosperousandtoensurethepeople'shappinessisthroughreformandopeningup,andwemustimplementthemthroughoutthecourseofsocialistmodernization.Weneedtobemoreresoluteandcourageousincarryingoutreform,andmakereformdecisionsmorescientificandreformmeasuresbettercoordinated.Weneedtocomprehensivelycarryouteconomic,political,culturalandsocialreformsandinnovations;eradicateobstaclesembeddedinsystemsandmechanisms;fullyliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces;andpromotesocialfairnessand
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justice.Wemustmakeimprovingthepeople'slivesapivotlinkingreform,developmentandstability;considertheintensityofreformsandthespeedofdevelopmentinlightoftheabilityofsocietytoacceptchanges;promoteharmonyandstabilitythroughreform;andmakesurethatpeoplearecontentwiththeirlivesandjobs,societyistranquilandorderly,andthecountryenjoyslong-termpeaceandstability.
二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务
Ⅱ.MainObjectivesandTasksfortheTwelfthFive-YearPlanPeriod根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》,我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要(草案),提交大会审议。》WehavedrawnuptheTwelfthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment(draft)inaccordancewiththeProposaloftheCPCCentralCommitteeforFormulatingtheTwelfthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentandsubmittedittoyouforyourdeliberationandapproval.“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期,是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看,世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展,和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深
远,世界经济结构加快调整,全球经济治理机制深刻变革,科技创新和产业转型孕育突破,发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。从国内看,我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改变,工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展,市场需求潜力巨大,资金供给充裕,科技和教育水平整体提升,劳动力素质提高,基础设施日益完善,政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强,社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势,我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。
TheTwelfthFive-YearPlanperiodiscrucialforbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsandfordeepeningreformandopeningupandspeedingupthetransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopment.Fromaninternationalperspective,worldmultipolarizationandeconomic
globalizationaredeepening,andpeace,developmentandcooperationremainthecurrentofthetimes.Theglobalfinancialcrisisishavingfar-reachingeffects;worldeconomicrestructuringisaccelerating;profoundchangesaretakingplaceinglobaleconomicgovernance;breakthroughsinscientificandtechnologicalinnovationandindustrialtransformationareonthehorizon,andtheoverallstrengthofdevelopingcountries,especiallyemergingmarketeconomies,isincreasing.Fromadomesticperspective,factorsfavoringChina'sdevelopmentandthepositivelong-termdevelopmenttrendhavenotchanged.Industrialization,informationization,urbanization,marketizationandinternationalizationareallintensifying;thereishugepotentialdemandinthemarket;thesupplyoffundsisample;theoverallscientificandeducationallevelofthepeopleisrising;thequalityoftheworkforceisimproving;infrastructureisgettingbetterbytheday;thegovernment'sabilitytoexercisemacro-controlandrespondtomajorchallengeshasincreasedsignificantly;andsocietyremainsstableoverall.Lookingattheoverallinternationalanddomesticsituations,wehaveconcludedthatChina'sdevelopmentisstillinanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunities.
我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,适应国内外形势新变化,顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待,以科学发展为主题,以加
快转变经济发展方式为主线,深化改革开放,保障和改善民生,巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果,促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定,为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。
WemustholdhighthegreatbannerofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,takeDengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthoughtofThreeRepresentsasourguide,thoroughlyapplytheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,adapttothelatestchangesinthedomesticandinternationalsituations,and
satisfythenewexpectationsofthepeopleofallethnicgroupsforabetterlife.Takingscientificdevelopmentasthethemeandacceleratingtransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopmentasthemainthread,weneedtodeepenreformandopeningup;ensureandimprovethepeople'swellbeing;consolidateandexpanduponthesuccessofoureffortstorespondtotheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis;promotelong-term,steadyandrapideconomicdevelopmentandsocialharmonyandstability;andlayasolidfoundationforbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.
——我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年,我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基
础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算,2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。要继续加强和改善宏观调控,保
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持价格总水平基本稳定,把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来,坚持实施扩大内需战略,充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力,加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。
-WewiIlpropeleconomicdevelopmenttoanewlevel.
Wehavesetatargetof7%annualincreaseintheeconomyoverthenextfiveyearswithsignificantimprovementinthequalityandperformanceofeconomicgrowth.Basedon2010prices,thecountry'sGDPin2015shouldexceed55trillionyuan.Wewillcontinuetostrengthenandimprovemacro-control;keeptheoveralllevelofpricesbasicallystable;integrateshort-termcontrolpolicieswithlong•termdevelopmentpolicies;adheretothestrategyofexpandingdomesticdemand;fullytapthehugepotentialofdomesticdemand;andmorequicklygeteconomicgrowthtobedrivenbyabalancedmixofconsumerspending,investmentandexports.
——我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路,推动信息化和
工业化深度融合,改造提升制造业,培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业,服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。积极稳妥推进城镇化,城镇化率从47.5%提高到51.5%,完善城市化布局和形态,不断提升城镇化的质量和水平。继续加强基础设施建设,进一步夯实经济社会发展基础。大力发展现代农业,加快社会主义新农村建设。深入实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区战略,逐步实现基本公共服务均等化。促进城乡、区域良性互动,一二三产业协调发展。
-Wewillacceleratethetransformationofthepatternofeconomicdevelopmentandeconomicrestructuring.
WewilladheretothenewpathofindustrializationwithChinesecharacteristics,strivetofullyintegrateinformationizationwithindustrialization,upgradethemanufacturingindustry,andfosteranddevelopstrategicemergingindustries.Wewillacceleratethedevelopmentoftheservicesectorandraiseitsvalue-addedcontributiontoGDPby4percentagepoints.Wewillactivelyyetprudentlycarryouturbanization,increaseitslevelfrom47.5%to51.5%,improveitspatternandforms,andconstantlyworktoraiseitsquality.Wewillcontinuetostrengtheninfrastructure,andfurtherstrengthenthefoundationforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Wewillworkhardtodevelopmodernagricultureandacceleratethedevelopmentofanewsocialistcountryside.Wewillthoroughlyimplementthemasterstrategyforregionaldevelopmentandthestrategyofdevelopmentpriorityzones,andgraduallyachieveequalityofbasicpublicservices.Wewillpromotepositiveinteractionbetweenurbanandruralareasandamongregions,andthebalanceddevelopmentofprimary,secondaryandtertiaryindustries.
——我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育,稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针,完善科技创新体系和支持政策,着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%,促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要,加强人才培养,努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设,推动文化改革发展实现新跨越,满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。大力发展体育事业。进一步深化医药卫生体制改革,健全基本医疗卫生制度,加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。创新社会管理体制机制,加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设,确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。-Wewillworkhardtodevelopsocialundertakings.
Wewillcontinuetogivetopprioritytoeducation,andsteadilyraisetheeducationallevelofthepeople.Wewilladheretotheprincipleofmakinginnovationsandleapfrogadvancesinkeyareassupportingdevelopmentandcreatingabetterfuture;improvethesystemofandsupportpoliciesforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation;andstrivetomakemajorscientificandtechnologicalbreakthroughs.WewillincreasespendingonR&Dto2.2%ofGDPandpromotetheconversionofadvancesinscienceandtechnologyintoactualproductiveforces.Inordertomeetthedemandsofmodernization,wewillstrengthenpersonneltrainingandstrivetodevelopalargenumberofhigh-caliberpersonnel.Wewillvigorouslystrengthenculturaldevelopmentandmakeanothergreatstrideforwardinthereformanddevelopmentofcultureinordertomeettheever-growingintellectualandculturaldemandsofthepeople.Wewillworkhardtodevelopsports.Wewillfurtherdeepenreformofthepharmaceuticalandhealthcaresystems,improvethebasicmedicalandhealthcaresystems,andmorequicklyreachthegoalofmakingbasicmedicalandhealthservicesavailabletoallcitizens.Wewillmakeinnovationsinsocialadministrationsystemsandmechanisms,improvethelegalandinstitutionalbasesandthecapacityofsocialadministration,andensuresocietyisfullofvitality,harmoniousandstable.
——我们要扎实推进资源节约和环境保护。积极应对气候变化。加强资源节约和管理,提高资源保障能
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力,加大耕地保护、环境保护力度,加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设,全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%,单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%,主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%,森林蓄积量增加6亿立方米,森林覆盖率达到21.66%。切实加强水利基础设施建设,推进大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理,明显提高基本农田灌溉、水资源有效利用水平和防洪能力。
-Wewilleffectivelyconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.
Wewillactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.Wewillstrengthenresourceconservationandmanagement,becomebetterabletoensureadequatesuppliesofresources,intensifytheprotectionoffarmlandandtheenvironment,strengthenecologicaldevelopmentandsystemstopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters,andcomprehensivelybuildourcapacityforsustainabledevelopment.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionshouldreach11.4%;energyconsumptionandCO2emissionsperunitofGDPshouldbereducedby16%and17%respectively;thereleaseofmajorpollutantsshouldbereducedby8%to10%;foreststockshouldbeincreasedby600millionm3;andforestcovershouldbeincreasedto21.66%.Wewillsubstantiallyimprovewaterconservancyfacilities;makeprogressinbettercontrollingimportanttributariesoflargeriversaswellaslakesandsmallandmedium-sizedrivers;andsignificantlyimproveagriculturalirrigation,theefficiencyofwaterresourcesuseandresistancetoflooding.
——我们要全面改善人民生活。坚持把增加就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标,为全体劳动者创造公平
的就业机会,五年城镇新增就业4500万人。坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步,逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长超过7%。提高扶贫标准,减少贫困人口。加快完善社会保障制度,进一步提高保障水平。城乡基本养老、基本医疗保障制度实现全覆盖,提高并稳定城乡三项基本医疗保险参保率,政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上,全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策,逐步完善政策,促进人口长期均衡发展,人均预期寿命提高1岁。
-Wewillcomprehensivelyimprovethepeople'swellbeing.
Wewillmakeincreasingemploymenttheforemostobjectiveofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,createequitablejobopportunitiesfortheentireworkforce,andcreateanextra45millionurbanjobsoverthenextfiveyears.Wewillupholdandimprovethedistributionsystemwherebydistributionaccordingtoworkisdominantandmultiplefonusofdistributionexistsidebyside,strivetocoordinateincreasesinpeople'sincomeswitheconomicdevelopmentandincreasesinworkers'paywithimprovementsinlaborproductivity,graduallyraisetheproportionofnationalincomedistributedtoindividuals,increasetheproportionofwagesintheprimarydistributionofincome,andquicklymakethepatternofincomedistributionmorereasonable.Thepercapitadisposableincomeofurbanresidentsandthepercapitanetincomeofruralresidentswillrisebyanammalaverageofover7%inrealterms.Wewillraisethepovertylineandreducethenumberofpeoplelivinginpoverty.Wewillmorequicklyimprovethesocialsecuritysystem,andcontinuetoraisesocialsecuritybenefits.Thebasicpensioninsuranceandbasicmedicalinsurancesystemswillcoverallurbanandruralresidents.Participationinthebasicmedicalinsurancesystemforworkingandnon-workingurbanresidentsandthenewruralcooperativemedicalcaresystemwillincreaseandstabilize,andwewillincreasetheproportionofexpensesformedicaltreatmentpaidoutofthemedicalinsurancefundtoover70%inaccordancewithrelevantpolicies.Low-incomehousingwillbemadeavailabletoaround20%ofthecountry'surbanhouseholds.Wewilladheretothebasicstatepolicyonfamilyplanningandprogressivelyimproveit.Wewillpromotebalancedpopulationgrowthinthelongtermandraisetheaveragelifeexpectancybyoneyear.
——我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划,大力推进经济体制改革,积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革,加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革,不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,扩大社会主义民主,完善社会主义法制,使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化,为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度,营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革,积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制,构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革,建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略,培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势,进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。-Wewillcomprehensivelydeepenreformandopeningup.
Wewillpaygreaterattentiontothetop-leveldesignandoverallplanningofreform,vigorouslypressaheadwith
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economicrestructuring,activelyyetprudentlyadvancepoliticalrestructuring,acceleratereformoftheculturalandsocialmanagementsystems,constantlyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy,expandsocialistdemocracy,improvethesocialistlegalsystem,makethesuperstructuremoreresponsivetothedevelopmentofandchangesintheeconomicbase,andprovidestrongassurancesforscientificdevelopment.Wewillupholdandimprovethebasiceconomicsystem,andcreateaninstitutionalenvironmentunderwhicheconomicentitiesunderallformsofownershipusefactorsofproductionequallyinaccordancewiththelaw,engageinfaircompetitioninthemarket,andenjoyequallegalprotection.Wewillacceleratethereformofthefiscal,taxation,andfinancialsystems;makefiscalandtaxationsystemsconducivetotransformingthepatternofeconomicdevelopment;anddevelopafinancialsystemthatiscomprisedofdiverseorganizations,providesefficientservice,exercisesprudentoversight,andkeepsriskswithinbounds.Wewilldeepenreformofthepricesforresourceproductsandenvironmentalprotectioncharges,anddevelopasound,flexiblemechanismforsettingpricesforresourceproductscapableofreflectingsupplyanddemandinthemarket,resourcescarcity,andthecostofenvironmentaldamage.Wewillimplementamorepositiveopeningupstrategy,cultivatenewadvantagesbeneficialtoourparticipationininternationalcooperationandcompetition,andbringaboutanewphaseofopeningupthatemphasizesmutualbenefit.
——我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的,必须对人民负责,为人民谋
利益,接受人民监督;必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务,管理经济和文化事业;必须坚持依法治国基本方略,加强维护群众利益的法规建设,推进依法行政;必须实行科学、民主决策,建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制,确保权力正确行使;必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况,坚决惩治和预防腐败;必须保障人民的民主权利和合法权益,维护社会公平正义。
-Wewillconstantlystrengthenthegovernment'sinternalreformsandself-improvement.
Allthegovernment'spowerisentrustedbythepeople,andthegovernmentmustthereforeberesponsibleforthepeople,worktobenefitthem,andaccepttheiroversight.Wemustmobilizeandorganizeasmanypeopleaspossibletomanagestateandsocialaffairsaswellaseconomicandculturalundertakingsinaccordancewiththelaw.Wemustupholdtheruleoflawasabasicstrategy,strengthenlawsandregulationstosafeguardthepeople'sinterests,andcarryoutadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw.Wemustmakedecisionsscientificallyanddemocratically;establishasoundoperationalmechanismfordecisionmaking,enforcementandoversighttocheckeachotherandfunctioninconcert;andensurethatpowerisexercisedproperly.Wemustmakeinstitutionalchangestoendtheexcessiveconcentrationofpowerandlackofchecksonpower,andresolutelypreventandpunishcorruption.Wemustsafeguardthepeople'sdemocraticrightsandlegitimaterightsandinterests,andsafeguardsocialfairnessandjustice.
总之,经过未来五年努力,实现“十二五”规划的各项目标,我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升,人民生活就会有更大的改善,国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。Inshort,byachievingallthetargetssetforthintheTwelfthFive-YearPlanthroughhardworkinthecomingfiveyears,China'soverallstrengthwillfurtherincrease,peoplewilllivebetterlives,andourcountrywillundergomoreprofoundchanges.
三、2011年的工作
Ⅲ.Workfor20112011年,是“十二五”开局之年,做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年,我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%,居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%,城镇新增就业1168万人,国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。
Theyear2011isthefirstyearoftheTwelfthFive-YearPlanperiod,anditispivotalforustodoagoodjobthisyearinordertoaccomplishallthetasksandobjectivessetforthintheplan.Lastyear,weachievedsignificantresultsinallourwork.GDProseby10.3%;theincreaseintheCPIwasheldincheckat3.3%;11.68millionnewurbanjobswerecreated;andthebalanceofpaymentssituationimproved.Allofthislaidagoodfoundationforourworkthisyear.
今年,我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏,但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体
经济增长乏力,失业率居高难下,一些国家主权债务危机隐患仍未消除,主要发达经济体进一步推行宽松货币政策,全球流动性大量增加,国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率加剧波动,新兴市场资产泡沫和通胀压力加大,保护主义继续升温。国际市场竞争更加激烈,不稳定不确定因素仍然较多。我国经济运行中一些长期问题和短期问题相互交织,体制性矛盾和结构性问题叠加在一起,加大了宏观调控难度。我们要准确判断形势,保持清醒头脑,增强忧患
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意识,做好应对风险的准备。
Thisyear,ourcountrystillfacesanextremelycomplexsituationfordevelopment.Theworld
economywillcontinuetorecoverslowly,butthefoundationforrecoveryisnotsolid.Economicgrowthindevelopedeconomiesisweak,theirunemploymentratesareandwillremainhigh,andsomecountriesarestillunderthethreatoftheirsovereigndebtcrises.Majordevelopedeconomieshavefurthereasedmonetarypolicies,globalliquidityhasincreasedgreatly,thepricesofmajorcommoditiesandtheexchangeratesofmajorcurrencieshavebecomemorevolatileintheinternationalmarket,assetbubblesandinflationarypressurehavegrowninemergingmarkets,protectionismcontinuestoheatup,competitionintheinternationalmarketisbecomingmoteintense,andtherearestillmanyunstableanduncertainfactors.Somelong-termandshort-termproblemsinOurcountry'seconomicactivitiesareintertwined,andinstitutionalincongruitiesandstructuralproblemsarestackeduptogether,makingOurmacro-controlmoredifficult.Weneedtocorrectly•judgethesituation,keepourheadsclear,bemoremindfulofpotentialdangers,andbepreparedtorespondtorisks.
今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是:国内生产总值增长8%左右;经济结构进一步优化;居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4%左右;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;国际收支状况继续改善。总的考虑是,为转变经济发展方式创造良好环境,引导各方面把工作着力点放在加快经济结构调整、提高发展质量和效益上,放在增加就业、改善民生、促进社会和谐上。
Themajortargetsforthisyear'snationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentareasfollows:toincreaseGDPbyaround8%,furtheroptimizetheeconomicstructure,keepthecprincreasearound4%,createmorethanninemillionnewurbanjobs,keeptheregisteredurbanunemploymentrateat4.6%orlower,andcontinuetoimprovethebalanceofpaymentssituation.Ourmainpurposeistocreateagoodenvironmentfortransformingthepatternofeconomicdevelopment,andtoguideallsectorstofocustheirworkonacceleratingeconomicrestructuringandraisingthequalityandresultsofdevelopmentaswellasonincreasingemployment,improvingthepeople'swellbeingandpromotingsocialharmony.实现上述目标,要保持宏观经济政策的连续性、稳定性,提高针对性、灵活性、有效性,处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系,更加注重稳定物价总水平,防止经济出现大的波动。
Toachievetheabovetargets,weneedtomaintaincontinuityandstabilityinourmacroeconomicpolicies;make
themmoretargeted,flexibleandeffective;correctlystrikeabalancebetweenmaintainingsteadyyetrapideconomicdevelopment,restructuringtheeconomyandmanaginginflationexpectations;paymoreattentiontomaintainingoverallpricestability;andpreventlargeeconomicfluctuations.
继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适当的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字9000亿元,其中中央
财政赤字7000亿元,继续代地方发债2000亿元并纳入地方预算,赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元,赤字率下降到2%左右。要着力优化财政支出结构,增加“三农”、欠发达地区、民生、社会事业、结构调整、科技创新等重点支出;压缩一般性支出,严格控制党政机关办公楼等楼堂馆所建设,出国(境)经费、车辆购置及运行费、公务接待费等支出原则上零增长,切实降低行政成本。继续实行结构性减税。依法加强税收征管。对地方政府性债务进行全面审计,实施全口径监管,研究建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制。
Wewillcontinuetoimplementaproactivefiscalpolicy.Wewillkeepthedeficitandgovernmentbondsat
appropriatelevels.Thisyear,weareprojectingadeficitof900billionyuan,whichconsistsofa700billionyuancentralgovernmentdeficitand200billionyuaninlocalgovernmentbonds,whichwillbeincludedinlocalgovernmentbudgets.Thisdeficitis150billionyuanlessthanbudgetedlastyear,andthedeficitwilldecreasetoaround2%ofGDP.Weneedtofocusonoptimizingthestructureofexpenditures.Weneedtoincreaseexpendituresinkeyareas,suchasagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmers;underdevelopedareas;thepeople'swellbeing;socialprograms;restructuring;andscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Weneedtodecreaseordinaryexpenditures;strictlycontrolexpendituresofPartyandgovernmentbodiesonofficebuildingsandotherfacilities;keepthebudgetsfortravelabroad,thepurchaseandoperatingcostsofmotorvehicles,andofficialentertainmentattheirpresentlevelinprinciplewithoutanyincrease;andgenuinelydecreaseadministrativecosts.Wewillcontinuetoimplementstructuraltaxreductions.Wewillstrengthentaxcollectionandadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw.Wewillcomprehensivelyauditlocalgovernmentdebt,carryoutcompleteoversight.andcontrol,andestablishastandardizedfinancingmechanismforlocalgovernmentstoborrowmoney.
实施稳健的货币政策。保持合理的社会融资规模,广义货币增长目标为16%。健全宏观审慎政策框架,综
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合运用价格和数量工具,提高货币政策有效性。提高直接融资比重,发挥好股票、债券、产业基金等融资工具的作用,更好地满足多样化投融资需求。着力优化信贷结构,引导商业银行加大重点领域和薄弱环节的信贷支持,严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业贷款。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。密切监控跨境资本流动,防范“热钱”流入。加强储备资产的投资和风险管理,提高投资收益。
Wewillimplementaprudentmonetarypolicy.Wewillkeepfinancingfromallsourcesatanappropriate
level,andwehavesetatargetofa16%increaseinthebroadmoneysupply(M2).Wewillimproveourpolicyframeworkforcomprehensivelyexercisingcautionandutilizethetoolsofpricesandquantityinanintegratedmannertomakeourmonetarypolicymoreeffective.Wewillincreasetheproportionofdirectfinancing,andmakefulluseoffinancingtoolssuchasstocks,bondsandprivateequitiestobettersatisfythediversedemandsforinvestmentandfinancing.Wewillstrivetooptimizethecreditstructure,guidecommercialbankstoincreasecreditsupporttokeyareasandweaklinks,andstrictlycontrolloanstoindustriesthatconsumelargequantitiesofenergyandresources,arehighlypollutingorhaveexcesscapacity.Wewillfurtherimprovethe.mechanismforsettingRMBexchangerates.Wewillcloselymonitorandcontrolcross-bordercapitalflowsandpreventtheinfluxofhotmoney.Wewillstrengtheninvestmentmanagementandriskmanagementoverourforeignexchangereservesandincreasethereturnsonourinvestments.
今年,重点要做好以下几方面工作。Thisyear,ourfocusisondoingthefollowingworkwell.(一)保持物价总水平基本稳定1.Keepingoverallpricelevelsbasicallystable当前,物价上涨较快,通胀预期增强,这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价
总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务,充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件,努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响,消化要素成本上涨压力,正确引导市场预期,坚决抑制价格上涨势头。要以经济和法律手段为主,辅之以必要的行政手段,全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性,控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。二是大力发展生产,保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。三是加强农产品流通体系建设,积极开展“农超对接”,畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度,把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机,搞好进出口调节,增强市场调控能力。四是加强价格监管,维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法,严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。五是完善补贴制度,建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制,绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。Recently,priceshaverisenfairlyquicklyandinflationexpectationshaveincreased.Thisproblemconcernsthepeople'swellbeing,bearsonoverallinterestsandaffectssocialstability.Wemustthereforemakeitourtoppriorityinmacroeconomiccontroltokeepoverallpricelevelsstable.Weneedtomakethemostoffavorableconditions,suchasanamplesupplyofmanufacturedgoodsandourabundantgrainreservesandconsiderableforeignexchangereserves,endeavortoovercometheadverseeffectsofimportedandstructuralinflation,cushiontheupwardpressureforcostsoffactorsofproduction,andcorrectlyguidemarketexpectationstoresolutelycurbpricerises.Weneedtocomprehensivelystrengthenourworkcontrollingandmonitoringpricesmainlythrougheconomicandlegalmethodssupplementedbyadministrativemeanswhennecessary.First,wewilleffectivelymanagemarketliquidityandcontrolthemonetaryconditionsforcommoditypricesrisingtoorapidly.Wewilldecidepropertiming,frequencyandintensityofpriceadjustmentsforgoodsandserviceswhosepricesareregulatedbythegovernment.Second,wewillvigorouslydevelopproductionandensuretheproductionandsupplyofmajorfarmproducts,dailynecessitiesandimportantmeansofproduction.Wewilleffectivelyimplementthesystemofprovincialgovernorstakingresponsibilityforthe"ricebag"(grainsupply)programandcitymayorstakingresponsibilityforthe"vegetablebasket"(non-grainfoodsupply)program.Third,wewilldevelopthedistributionsystemforfarmproducts,activelyencouragefarmersandstorestolinkup,andguaranteetheunimpededtransportoffreshfarmproductsthrough"greenchannels,"wherevehiclescarryingsuchgoodsareexemptfrompayingroadtolls.Wewillimprovethereservesystemforimportantgoodsandthesystemfortemporarilypurchasingandstockpilingmajorfarmproducts,seizetheopportunemomentforthestatetomanipulatereserves,adjustimportsandexports,andstrengthenourabilitytocontrolthemarket.Fourth,wewillstrengthenoversightandsupervisionofpricesandmaintainmarketorder.Weparticularlyneedtostrengthenlawenforcementconcerningpricing,andstrictlyinvestigateand
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dealwithillegalbehaviorsuchasdrivinguppricesthroughpricecollusionormarketspeculation.Fifth,wewillimprovethesystemofsubsidiesandinstituteasoundmechanismtoraisesocialassistanceandsocialsecuritybenefitswhencommoditypricesrise.Wecannotallowpricerisestoaffectthenormallivesoflow-incomepeople.
(二)进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求2.Furtherexpandingdomesticdemand,especiallyconsumerdemand扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点,也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。
Expandingdomesticdemandisalong-tennstrategicprincipleandbasicstandpointofChina'seconomicdevelopmentaswellasafundamentalmeansandaninternalrequirementforpromotingbalancedeconomicdevelopment.
积极扩大消费需求。继续增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出,增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继
续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送,优化城镇商业网点布局,积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。大力整顿和规范市场秩序,切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。
Wewillactivelyboostconsumerdemand.Wewillcontinuetoincreasegovernmentspendingusedtohelp
expandconsumption,andincreasesubsidiestolow-incomeurbanresidentsandfarmers.Wewillcontinuetoimplementthepoliciesofprovidingsubsidiesforruralresidentstopurchasehomeappliancesandsubsidiesfortrading-inoldhomeappliancesfornewones.Wewillstrengthentheinfrastructureforthedistributionofgoods,cultureandsports,travel,andbroadbandinruralareasandsmallandmedium-sizedcities.Wewillvigorouslypromoteconsumptionintheareasofculture,travelandold-agecare.Wewillpromotechain-storeoperationsandunifieddistributioninruralareas,optimizethedistributionofurbancommercialoutlets,anddevelopnewservicessuchase-commerce,onlineshoppingandtheGeographicInformationSystem.Wewillenergeticallyoverhaulandstandardizethemarket,andearnestlyprotectconsumers'rightsandinterests.Wewillintensifyoureffortstocrackdownonviolationsofintellectualpropertyrightsandthemanufactureandsaleofcounterfeitorsubstandardgoods.
大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条,抓紧制定公开透明的市场准入标准和
支持政策,切实放宽市场准入,真正破除各种有形和无形的壁垒,鼓励和引导民间资本进入基础产业和基础设施、市政公用事业、社会事业、金融服务等领域,推动民营企业加强自主创新和转型升级,鼓励和引导民间资本重组联合和参与国有企业改革,加强对民间投资的服务、指导和规范管理,促进社会投资稳定增长和结构优化。充分发挥政府投资对结构调整的引导作用,优先保证重点在建、续建项目的资金需求,有序启动“十二五”规划重大项目建设。防止盲目投资和重复建设。严格执行投资项目用地、节能、环保、安全等准入标准,提高投资质量和效益。
Wewillstrivetoimprovetheinvestmentstructure.WewillearnestlyimplementtheStateCouncil's36new
guidelinesforencouragingandguidingnongovernmentalinvestment;workquicklytoformulateopenandtransparentstandardsandsupportingpoliciesonmarketaccess;effectivelyrelaxrestrictionsonmarketaccess;genuinelyeliminateallvisibleandinvisiblebarriers;encourageandguidenongovernmentalinvestmentinareassuchasbasicindustries,infrastructure,municipalpublicutilities,socialprograms,andfinancialservices;prodprivatelyrunenterprisestostrengthentheirinnovation,transformationandupgrading;encourageandguidethereorganizationandmergersofnongovernmentalcapitalanditsinvolvementinSOEreform;strengthenservicesandguidanceforandstandardizedsupervisionofnongovernmentalinvestment;andpromoteitsstablegrowthandstructuraloptimization.Wewillgetgovernmentinvestmenttoplaytheleading•roleinrestructuring,giveprioritytoensuringfundingforkeyprojectsthatareunderconstructionorexpansion,andbeginconstructiononthemajorprojectsintheTweifthFive-YearPlaninanorderlymanner.Wewillpreventhaphazardinvestmentandredundantconstruction.Wewillstrictlyenforceinvestmentprojectapprovalstandardsonlanduse,energyconservation,environmentalprotectionandsafety,andimprovethequalityandbenefitsofinvestment.
(三)巩固和加强农业基础地位3.Consolidatingandstrengtheningthepositionofagricultureasthefoundationoftheeconomy坚持把“三农”工作放在重中之重,在工业化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化,巩固和发展农业农村好形势。
Wewillsteadfastlymakeagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmersthetoppriorityofthegovernment'swork;carryout
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agriculturalmodernizationwhiledeepeningindustrializationandurbanization;andconsolidateandbuilduponthefavorablesituationinagricultureandruralareas.
确保农产品供给,多渠道增加农民收入。要把保障粮食安全作为首要目标,毫不放松地抓好农业生产。
稳定粮食种植面积,支持优势产区生产棉花、油料、糖料等大宗产品。大力发展畜牧业、渔业、林业。切实抓好新一轮“菜篮子”工程建设,大中城市郊区要有基本的菜地面积和生鲜食品供给能力。强化农业科技支撑,发展壮大农作物种业,大规模开展高产创建。继续实施粮食最低收购价政策,今年小麦最低收购价每50公斤提高5到7元,水稻最低收购价每50公斤提高9到23元。大力发展农村非农产业,壮大县域经济,提高农民职业技能和创业、创收能力,促进农民就地就近转移就业。提高扶贫标准,加大扶贫开发力度。
Wewillensureanadequatesupplyofagriculturalproductsandincreasefarmers'incomesthroughmultiplechannels.Wewillmakesafeguardingfoodsecurityourprimarygoal,andworktirelesslytoincrease
agriculturalproduction.Wewillkeeptheareaplantedingraincropsstable,andsupportthegrowingofcotton,oilseedandsugarcropsinthemostsuitableareas.Wewillenergeticallydeveloptheanimalhusbandry,fishery,andforestrysectors.Wewilleffectivelycarryoutthenewroundofthe"vegetablebasket"programandensurethatsuburbsoflargeandmedium-sizedcitieshaveabasicareaforgrowingvegetablesandabasicabilitytosupplyfreshproduceforurbanresidents.Wewillgetscienceandtechnologytobettersupportagriculture,developandexpandthecropseedindustry,andlaunchlarge-scaleeffortstoincreaseagriculturalprOduction.Wewillcontinuetoimplementthepolicyofminimumgrainpurchaseprices,raisethefloorpriceforwheatby5to7yuanper50kgandincreasethefloorpriceforriceby9to23yuanper50kgthisyear.Wewillenergeticallydevelopnonagriculturalindustriesinruralareas,strengthencountyeconomies,improvefarmers'vocationalskillsandtheirabilitytostarttheirownbusinessesandincreasetheirincomes,andencouragethemtofindnonagriculturalemploymentintheirhometownsornearbyareas.Wewillraisethepovertyline,andintensifyoureffortstoalleviatepovertythroughdevelopment.
大兴水利,全面加强农业农村基础设施建设。重点加强农田水利建设、中小河流治理、小型水库和病
险水闸除险加固以及山洪地质灾害防治。完善排灌设施,发展节水灌溉,加固河流堤防,搞好清瘀疏浚,消除水库隐患,扩大防洪库容。通过几年努力,全面提高防汛抗旱、防灾减灾能力。大力推进农村土地开发整理,大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田,加快全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。加强农村水电路气房建设,大力改善农村生产生活条件,努力为农民建设美好家园。
Wewillputgreateffortintowaterconservancy,andcomprehensivelystrengthenagriculturalandruralinfrastructure.Wewillfocusondevelopingmoreirrigationandwaterconservancyprojects,harnessing
smallandmedium-sizedrivers,reinforcingsmallreservoirsandfaultyanddangeroussluices,andpreventingandrespondingtogeologicaldisastersfrommountaintorrents.Wewillimproveirrigationanddrainagefacilities,developwater-savingirrigation,reinforceriverembankments,clearawaysiltanddredgewaterways,eliminatehiddendangersinreservoirs,andincreasetheirstoragecapacitytopreventfloods.Throughseveralyearsofhardwork,wewillcomprehensivelyimproveourabilitytopreventfloods,controldroughts,andpreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters.Wewillvigorouslydevelopandimproveruralland,developarablelandthatmeetshighdroughtandfloodresistancestandardsonalargescale,andaccelerateourworktoincreasethecountry'sgrainproductioncapacityby50milliontons.Wewillintensifyworkonprojectstoproviderunningwaterandelectricitytoruralhomes,buildandimproveroads,exploitmethaneandconstructruralhousing,andenergeticallyimproveruralworkingandlivingconditions,sothatfarmerscanliveinaniceenvironment.
篇十三:政府工作报告中英文对照
P> 历年政府工作报告中英文历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和经济学家中英文对照版建议多看看上面的习题最好都亲自做一下三级没多大难度充分准备应该可以通过汉英翻译技巧的培养translationcompetencedevelopment应涉及以下内一精品文档
历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和《经济学家》中英文对照版建议多看看,上面的习题最好都亲自做一下,三级没多大难度,充分准备应该可以通过汉英翻译技巧的培养(translationcompetencedevelopment)应涉及以下内容:
一.要培养对英语的语感和悟性(languageintuition–openandalertmindtopickupidioms,specificexpressions,etc.);
二.要培养对英语的判断能力和鉴赏能力(evaluationcapacity–judgment);三.要培养对英语的洞察能力和剖析能力(powerofobservation–insight);四.要培养对英语细微特征的反应能力(linguisticnuancesalertness);五.要培养对社会文化和跨文化交流的敏感性(social-culturalsensitivity–cross-culturalawareness);六.要培养对英语和汉语之间差别的意识(senseofdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish);七.要培养对英语和汉语之间的辩证关系的认识(awarenessofthedialecticrelationshipbetweenChineseandEnglish);八.要培养对英语“洋为中用”的意识(“usethingsforeigntoserveChinesepurposes”);九.要培养对英语“学以致用”的意识(applywhatyouhavelearnedinyourtranslation);十.要培养对翻译的多层次、多角度的立体思维方式(amulti-tierapproach)。十一.一名称职的翻译工作者必须懂得什么是翻译的真谛(aclearconceptionofwhattranslationis)。十二.一名优秀的翻译人员必须具有高屋建瓴的视角(greatpowersofconception)。各种能力和意识的培养都需要加强翻译意识的锻炼:第一:要对翻译的重要性有深刻的、充分的认识,翻译的对与错、好与坏有时会产生绝
.
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然不同的效果。例如,天涯海角:不是theEndoftheWorld(应为Land’sEnd/Endofthe
Earth)。再如,一小时内免费送机票上门:不是Wegiveyouticketsfreeofchargewithin
onehour.(应为Weofferfreedeliveryofyourairticketswithinonehourafteryour
bookingconfirmation.)第二:要善于仔细地、深入地、准确地理解中文原文的意思。这是因为准确的理解是做
好翻译的前提。例如,摸着石头过河:不是crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestones。(而
是wadeacrossthestreambyfeelingtheway)正确的做法应该是按照下面的步骤去做:
1.“摸着石头过河”的字面意思如何理解?
2.它有什么暗含或延伸的意思?
3.英语里有没有相同或类似的说法?.如果有,就可以直接借用;如果没有,是进行直译还是意译?
4.如果直译为crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestones是否能被外国人理解?
5.过河是乘船过(crossingbyboat)还是淌水过(wadingacross),动词用什么形式?
6.这里的河是大河、中河还是小河(river,stream,brook,etc.)?
7.摸的方式是用手摸还是用脚触?
8.石头是大石头还是小石头(rock,stone,pebble,etc.)?
9.如果意译为learningbyexperiment/bytrialanderror是否可取?
10.直译和意译相结合wadingacrossthestreambyfeelingtheway如何?第三:中文和英文的对应词有时意思并不相同或者不完全相同,不能照字面翻译。例如,他的英语说得真好,就像外国人一样。不是HespeaksEnglishsowell,hesoundslikea
foreigner.而是HespeaksEnglishsowell,hesoundslikeanativespeaker.
拉动经济增长:不是pulleconomicgrowth,而是
push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/spur/drive/fuel/speedup/accelerate/generate/
fire
up/
propel/
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facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。素质教育:不是qualityeducation,而是caliber-focusededucation或trait-centerededucation。
第四:有时候中文字面的意思表达不充分,部分信息被省略了或被隐藏起来了。例如,特区是个窗口,是技术的窗口,管理的窗口,知识的窗口,也是对外政策的窗口。不是:Thespecialzoneisawindow.Itisawidowforintroducingtechnology,managementandknowledge.Itisalsoawindowforforeignpolicy.
而是Thespecialeconomiczonesareawindowopeningontotheoutsideworld.Theyareawindowthroughwhichtobringinfromabroadsophisticatedtechnology,advancedmanagerialexpertiseandup-to-dateknow-how.ItisalsoawindowthroughwhichtodisseminateChina’sexternalpolicies.
再如,退耕还林:不是returnfarmlandtoforest,而应该是restore“woodland-convertedfarm-plots”backforafforesting。春运:不是springtransportation,而是therush/peakseasonofpassengertransportationduringtheSpringFestival。
第五:有些中文词语没有什么特殊涵义,而与之相对应的英文词语却有着特殊的涵义。例如,与“便宜”、“价廉”相对应的“cheap,”它有时候会带有贬义,成为“质次价低”的意,如cheapjewelries,cheapdresses,cheapfurniture等。我们可以说Iboughtacheapwatchformychild,对小孩无所谓;但不能说Iboughtacheapdressformygirlfriend.因为这样说会冒犯对方。在后一种情况下必须用inexpensive一词。
第六:避免用中式英语进行表达,而要尽量用地道的英语进行表达。假如我们要把“我过去学过一些法语,但现在都忘了,都还给老师了”这句话翻译成英语,最好不要说IlearnedsomeFrenchinthepast.NowIhaveforgottenit.I’vereturnedittotheteacher.比
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较好的说法是IusedtoknowsomeFrench,butI’veforgottenit.Ithasfounditswaybacktomyteacher.
再比如我们要用英语说“我攒了一大堆赃衣服,等着周末来洗,”最好不要说Ihaveaccumulatedalargeamountofdirtyclothes.I’mgoingtowashthemattheweekend.比较好的说法是Ihavealotoflaundrytocatchupattheweekend.
第七:根据不同场合,英语的表达有庄重(formal)与随意(informal)之分。比如“禁止吸烟”(NoSmoking)、“请勿吸烟”(Thankyoufornotsmoking)和“为了您和他人的健康,请勿在此吸烟”(Forhygiene’ssake,pleaserefrainyourselffromsmokinginthisroom.)下面两组例子中都各包含有formal-normal-informal三种文体风格(style):
Pleaseawaitinstructionsbeforedispatchingitems.Pleasewaitforinstructionsbeforesendingitemsoff.Don’tsendanythingoffuntilyou’retoldtodoso.Essentialmeasuresshouldbeundertakenattheearliestopportunity.Oneshouldundertakeanynecessarymeasuresattheearliestopportunity.Youshoulddowhateveryouhavetoassoonasyoucan.第八:要注意各行各业的不同术语的选择。比如我们要把“专业签证人员”翻译成英语,那么我们就要按照外交用语的习惯把它翻译为visaofficers,而不应该照字面上翻译成specializedvisapersonnel。“安居工程”的英译不是housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents,而应该按照社会经济用语的习惯翻译为theAffordableHousingProgram;“信息化”的英译不是informatization或informationization,而应该按照高科技行业习惯翻译为thespreading/sweepinginformationexplosion/theinformationexplosionprocess/trend;“外资企业”的英译不是overseas-fundedenterprises,而应该按照外贸行业习惯翻译为enterpriseswithforeigninvestment/enterpriseswith
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foreignelements;再比如,高速公路上的警示语“请勿疲劳驾驶,”翻译成英语不是Don’tdrivetiredly,按照交通法规术语应该翻译为Drowsydrivingisdangerous或Drivealert,arrivealive。
第九:注意汉语和英语之间的文化差异。把“相声”翻译成英语不能只是翻译其形式,还要翻译其内涵。翻译成crosstalk外国人不明白;不如翻译为comicdialogue更好懂。再如,假设我们要把“以外贸为龙头”翻译成英语,能不能直接翻译为withforeigntradeasthedragonhead呢?这样翻译是很难让外国人明白的,因为“以……为龙头”这个说法是源自耍龙灯的习俗,而多数外国人不一定熟悉中国人的这一习俗。为了取得好的翻译效果,最好是用能够跨越文化障碍的表达方法,如“火车头”或“旗舰”:withforeigntradeasthelocomotive/flagship。
但是不能机械地对待一切类似的翻译问题,我们的头脑里应该有一点辩证法。比如汉语的“鱼米之乡”(landoffishandrice),在英语里有一个类似的说法landofmilkandhoney,但由于landoffishandrice外国人也能理解,不会造成跨化交流的障碍,所以我们可以采用landoffishandrice的说法,以保留一点中国的特色。
第十:对于暗含的意思,必须把它明白地翻译出来,这样便于外国读者理解。例如,”东边日出西边雨,道是无晴却有晴”中的“晴”字,它是个双关语,有“天晴”和“爱情”的双重意思。我们在翻译的时候,必须做到二者兼顾:
It’ssunnyintheeastbutinthewestit’sraininghard.Whetherrainorsunshine,he’sthesunshineinmyheart.再如,“这种鞋油为您足下增光”中的“足下”也是个双关语,翻译的时候也必须把两层意思都表达出来:Thisshoeshineshinesyourshoesandyoulookgreat.第十一:有时候,比如翻译诗句,光翻译字面上的意思是不够的,还必须把字里行间的深度、力量和美感表达出来。例如,朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨:不是Winesandmeatsbecomerotteninthemansions;Deadbonesbecomerottenatthedoorsofthem,而是:Inthemansions,rollingluxuryallowswineandmeattogorottenaway;Onthestreets,grindingpovertycausesdeadbodiestofreezeanddecay.
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第十二:汉语和英语在语法语序和句子结构上都有很大的差别。因此,在进行中译英的时候必须要考虑到这些方面的变化。例如,改革开放开放取得了巨大的成就:不是Theeconomicreformandtheopening-uphavemadegreatachievements.而是把“巨大的成就”当作主语,把主动语态变成被动语态:Greatachievementshavebeenmadeintheeconomicreformandinoureffortstoopen-upChinatotheoutsideworld.综上所述,一个好的翻译人员必须具有高屋见瓴的视角,要懂得翻译的真谛是什么。要想提高汉英翻译水平,必须加强对上述各种意识的培养。必须养成多层次、多角度的思维习惯
.
篇十四:政府工作报告中英文对照
P> 2021两会政府工作报告要点梳理及双语对照3月5日上午9时,第十三届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在人民大会堂举行开幕会。国务院总理李克强代表国务院作政府工作报告。我们为你梳理了报告的英文版本并对重点表达进行了注解,本篇为中篇。
“十四五”规划the14thFive-YearPlan
“十四五”时期是开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年。我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期,但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化。今年两会的一项重要内容,是审查、讨论“十四五”规划和二〇三五年远景目标纲要(草案)。纲要是指导今后5年及15年国民经济和社会发展的纲领性文件。
2021年是实施“十四五”规划、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一年,我们将隆重庆祝中国共产党成立100周年。
Theyear2021marksthestartofthe14thFive-YearPlan,withthecountryembarkingonanewjourneyoffullybuildingamodernsocialistcountry.Also,grandcelebrationswillbeheldtomarktheCPC’scentenary.
宏观经济政策macroeconomicpolicy
2021年的中国发展,挑战与机遇并存,特别是疫情和国际环境依然存在诸多不确定性。
国务院发展研究中心宏观经济研究部研究员张立群认为:在“十四五”开局之年,中国经济有潜力、有韧性保持一定增长速度。同时,他也表示,核心目的不是为了追求数字好看,而是强调经济质量的提升与百姓福祉的保障。
China’seconomyisresilient,haspotentialandwillmaintainsustainedgrowthin2021.Buttheprimarygoalofeconomicdevelopmentisnottoseekanice-lookingGDPfigurebuttoraisethequalityofthegrowthandensurepeople’swell-being.
乡村振兴
ruralvitalization
2月25日,国家乡村振兴局挂牌。脱贫攻坚的全面胜利不是终点,而是农村、农业现代化的新起点。“三农”工作重心从脱贫攻坚向全面推进乡村振兴历史性转移。
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脱贫摘帽不是终点,而是新生活、新奋斗的起点。
Shakingoffpovertyisnotthefinishline,butthestartingpointofanewlifeandnewendeavor.
绿色转型
greentransformation
从2020年9月的第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论到12月举行的气候雄心峰会,我国多次表示,二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值(peakcarbondioxideemissionsby2030),努力争取2060年前实现碳中和(achievecarbonneutralityby2060)。
中央经济工作会议将做好碳达峰、碳中和工作列入2021年要抓好的8大重点任务之一。
国务院近日发布加快建立健全绿色低碳循环发展经济体系的指导意见。意见要求,坚定不移贯彻新发展理念,高效利用资源、严格保护生态环境、有效控制温室气体排放。
TheStateCouncilhasreleasedaguidelinetoacceleratethedevelopmentofagreenandlow-carboncirculareconomicdevelopmentsystem.Theguidelineurgeseffortstofirmlyimplementthenewdevelopmentphilosophy,boostefficiencyintheuseofresources,strengthenprotectionoftheecologicalenvironment,andeffectivelycontrolgreenhousegasemissions.
疫情防控
COVID-19preventionandcontrol
如期举办全国两会,有力说明了中国疫情防控的成效。如何进一步做好疫情常态化防控,巩固拓展疫情防控和经济社会发展成果,是社会关注的焦点。
要总结这次疫情防控的成功做法,完善我国社会保障针对突发重大风险的应急响应机制。
ChinashouldsummarizesuccessfulpracticesinCOVID-19preventionandcontrolandimprovesocialsecurityemergency-responsemechanismsagainstmajorrisks.
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“六稳”“六保”ensurestabilityin6keyareasandeffectivelymeet6priorities
与往年相比,今年的民生话题将不仅聚焦当下热点,也将前瞻时代变化,政策视野将既有“特写对焦”也有“广角远景”。
“六稳”是指稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期(keep
employment,thefinancialsector,foreigntrade,foreignanddomesticinvestments,andexpectationsstable)工作;
“六保”是指保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转(ensuresecurityinjob,basiclivingneeds,
operationsofmarketentities,foodandenergysecurity,stableindustrialandsupplychains,andthenormalfunctioningofprimary-levelgovernments)。
法治中国建设
buildtheruleoflawinChina
2015年以来,全国人大常委会已连续6年提请全国人代会审议重要法律。
2019年,全国人民代表大会通过了《外商投资法》;2020年,通过了《民法典》。
In2019,theNPCsessionadoptedtheForeignInvestmentLaw.Lastyear,themilestoneCivilCodewasadopted.
今年将提请十三届全国人大四次会议审议的,是全国人大组织法修正草案(draftamendmenttotheorganiclaw)和全国人大议事规则修正草案(draftamendmenttotheproceduralrulesoftheNPC)。
高水平对外开放opening-upatahigherlevel
在过去一年间,区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)成功签署,中欧投资协定谈判如期完成,中国同非洲联盟签署共建“一带一路”合作规划,中国吸收外资的全球占比大幅提升……中国向世界表明了支持经济全球化、实施对外开放的坚定决心。
当前,中国正在新发展理念指引下,加紧构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,深入推进高水平对外开放,这将为世界各国提供更大市场空间,创造更多发展机遇。
Atthemoment,Chinaisfollowingthenewdevelopmentvision,fosteringanewdevelopmentparadigmfeaturing“dualcirculations”,withdomesticcirculationasthemainstayanddomesticandinternationalcirculationsreinforcingeachother,andadvancingopening-upatahigherlevel.Thismeansabiggermarketandmoredevelopmentopportunitiesforothercountries.
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篇十五:政府工作报告中英文对照
P> 2017年政府工作报告中英文??低;Theregisteredurbanunemploymentratestoodat4.02
percentatyear-end2016,thelowestlevelinyears.供给侧结构性改革初见成效;Initialsuccesswasachievedinsupply-sidestructural
reform.服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重上升到51.6%;Thevaluecreatedbytheservicesectorroseto51.6percent
ofGDP.大众创业、万众创新广泛开展;Peoplewerebusylaunchingbusinessesormaking
innovations.全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%;Personalpercapitadisposableincomeincreasedby6.3
percentinrealterms.农村贫困人口减少1240万;Thenumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyinruralareaswas
reducedby12.4million.出境旅游超过1.2亿人次;
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Overseastripsexceeded120million.广义货币M2增长11.3%,低于13%左右的预期目标;TheM2moneysupplyincreasedby11.3percent,belowourprojectedtargetofaround13percent.深入推进“互联网+”行动和国家大数据战略;WetookfurtherstepstoimplementtheInternetPlusactionplanandthenationalbigdatastrategy.74个重点城市细颗粒物(PM2.5)年均浓度下降9.1%;A9.1-percentdropintheannualaveragedensityoffineparticulatematter(PM2.5)wasseenin74majorcities.二、2017年工作总体部署Whatthegovernmentwilldoin2017今年发展的主要预期目标是:Keyprojectedtargetsfordevelopmentthisyear:国内生产总值增长6.5%左右,在实际工作中争取更好结果;GDPgrowthofaround6.5percent,orhigherifpossibleinpractice.居民消费价格涨幅3%左右;CPIincreasekeptaround3percent.城镇新增就业1100万人以上,城镇登记失业率4.5%以内;Over11millionnewurbanjobs,andaregisteredurbanunemploymentratewithin4.5percent.
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继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。Wewillcontinuetopursueaproactivefiscalpolicyandaprudentmonetarypolicy.三、2017年重点工作任务Majorareasofworkfor20173.1用改革的办法深入推进“三去一降一补”。Pushingaheadwiththefiveprioritytasksthroughreform扎实有效去产能。Takesolidandeffectivestepstocutovercapacity因城施策去库存。Taketargetedpoliciestocutexcessurbanrealestateinventory积极稳妥去杠杆。Carryoutdeleveraginginanactiveandprudentway.多措并举降成本。Takemultiplemeasurestocutcosts.精准加力补短板。Taketargetedandpowerfulmeasurestostrengthenareasofweakness.3.2深化重要领域和关键环节改革Deepeningreforminmajorsectorsandkeylinks持续推进政府职能转变。
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Wewillcontinuetotransformgovernmentfunction.继续推进财税体制改革。Wewillcontinuetoreformfiscalandtaxsystems.抓好金融体制改革。Wewilladvancereformsinthefinancialsector.加快推进国企国资改革。WewillspeedupthereformofSOEsandstatecapital.更好激发非公有制经济活力。Wewilldomoretoenergizethenon-publicsector.加强产权保护制度建设。Wewillimprovethepropertyrightsprotectionsystem.大力推进社会体制改革。Wewillmakeabigpushforprogressinthereformofthesocialsystem.深化生态文明体制改革。Wewilldeepeninstitutionalreformtobuildasoundecologicalenvironment.3.3进一步释放国内需求潜力Doingmoretounleashthepotentialofdomesticdemand促进消费稳定增长。Wewillpromoteasteadyincreaseinconsumerspending.积极扩大有效投资。
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Wewillworkproactivelytoexpandeffectiveinvestment.优化区域发展格局。Wewillimproveplanningforregionaldevelopment.扎实推进新型城镇化。
Wewilltakesolidstepstopursueanewtypeofurbanization.
3.4以创新引领实体经济转型升级Transformingandupgradingtherealeconomythrough
innovation提升科技创新能力。Wewillstrengthenourcapabilityformakingtechnological
innovations.加快培育壮大新兴产业。Wewillacceleratethedevelopmentofemergingindustries.大力改造提升传统产业。Wewillendeavortotransformandupgradetraditional
industries.持续推进大众创业、万众创新。Wewillcontinuetoencouragepeopletostartbusinesses
andmakeinnovations.全面提升质量水平。Wewilltakecomprehensivestepstoimproveproductquality.
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3.5促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收Promotesteadydevelopmentofagricultureandcontinuedincreasesinruralincomes推进农业结构调整。
Wewillpushforwardwithstructuraladjustmentinagriculture.
加强现代农业建设。Wewillboostthedevelopmentofmodernagriculture.深化农村改革。Wewilldeepenruralreform.加强农村公共设施建设。Wewillstepupthedevelopmentofpublicfacilitiesinruralareas.3.6积极主动扩大对外开放ActivelyexpandingChina'sopeninguptotheworld扎实推进“一带一路”建设。WewillmakesolideffortstopursuetheBeltandRoadInitiative.促进外贸继续回稳向好。Wewillensurethatforeigntradecontinuestopickupandregistersteadygrowth.大力优化外商投资环境。
——文章来源网,仅供分享学习参考~6~
Wewillmakebigmovestoimprovetheenvironmentforforeigninvestors.
推进国际贸易和投资自由化便利化。Wewillpromotetheliberalizationandfacilitationofinternationaltradeandinvestment.3.7加大生态环境保护治理力度Effectivelystrengtheningenvironmentalprotection坚决打好蓝天保卫战。Wewillmakeourskiesblueagain.强化水、土壤污染防治。Wewillstrengthenthepreventionandcontrolofwaterandsoilpollution.推进生态保护和建设。Wewillmoveforwardwithecologicalconservationandimprovement.3.8推进以保障和改善民生为重点的社会建设Promotingsocialdevelopmenttoensureandimprovethewellbeingofourpeople大力促进就业创业。Wewillstrivetoboostemploymentandbusinessstartups.办好公平优质教育。Wewillworktoensurethatourpeoplehaveaccessto
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equitableandqualityeducation.推进健康中国建设。WewillmakecontinuedprogressinbuildingaHealthyChina.织密扎牢民生保障网。Wewillweaveastrongsafetynettoensurepeople's
wellbeing.发展文化事业和文化产业。Wewilldevelopculturalprogramsandindustries.推动社会治理创新。Wewillexplorenewformsofsocialgovernance.人命关天,安全至上。Wewillensureworkplacesafetyandpeople'slives.3.9全面加强政府自身建设Strengtheningtheall-aroundimprovementofgovernment坚持依法全面履职。Wewillcontinuetoworktoseethatgovernmentfunctions
arefullycarriedoutinaccordancewithlaw.始终保持廉洁本色。Wewillmaintainethicalconductandmoralintegrityatall
times.勤勉尽责干事创业。Wewillperformwithastrongworkethic,senseof
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responsibility,andenterprisingspirit.
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